Chapter 4 - Tissues Flashcards
T or F: Epithelia are regenerative
True, Epithelial cells are “cheap” in terms of materials so they are sloughed off or damaged and then easily replaced
T or F: Epithelia are avascular and innervated
True, epithelia receive their blood supply from underlying tissues.
What are microvilli?
Small hair like extensions on the apical side that allow for more surface area.
What is the difference between microvilli and cilia?
Cilia move, microvilli do not.
Where are epithelia found?
Lining of cavities, secreting/absorbing areas, outer skin, urogenital/digestive/respiratory
What type of junctions do epithelial cells have?
Tight junctions or desmosomes
What type of epithelial cells line blood vessels and air sacs in the lungs?
Simple squamous (for easy diffusion and exchange)
You observe a tissue that has cells of varying heights. At first glance, it appears that the tissue has multiple cell layers, but upon closer investigation, you see that all of the cells attach to the same basement membrane.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Which of the following epithelial tissue types is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membranes?
Simple squamous
Why are histological sections stained?
To enhance contrast.
Match the following specialized characteristic of epithelium with the appropriate description or example: Polarity
Tissue with a free apical surface and attached basal surface
The role of microvilli is to __________.
Increase surface area
Mucus that protects your stomach lining is secreted by which type of epithelial cell?
Simple Columnar
Which of the following descriptions best describe a squamous-shaped cell?
A flattened, scale-like cell
________ are important and common unicellular exocrine glands.
Goblet cells
________ are important and common unicellular exocrine glands.
Goblet cells
You observe a multicellular gland with branched ducts and saclike secretory areas. What type of gland would this most likely be?
Alveolar compound exocrine gland
Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissues?:
Protection, Control, Ion Transport, Secretion, FIltration
Control (Nervous)
Where can the following epithelial tissue with a body location where it can be found: Simple cuboidal
Walls of the smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules
Which of the following tissues lines the MAJORITY of the digestive tract?
Simple Columnar
Match the following exocrine gland with its structure: Intestinal glands
Simple tubule
Match the following epithelial tissue with a body location where it can be found: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Upper respiratory tract
An important component of the immune system is mucus, which lines all external surfaces (respiratory, reproductive, and digestive systems) with a slimy coating that prevents the spread of pathogens.
Thus, the immune system is dependent on mucus secreted by which type of gland?
Unicellular exocrine glands
What is the role of an exocrine gland?
To secrete substances onto body surfaces and into body cavities (NOT into blood, lymph, or to secrete hormones).
Epithelial tissues, bone, areolar connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, and blood __________.
Are very good at regenerating
Mucus that protects your stomach lining is secreted by which type of epithelial cell?
Simple columnar
Match the following epithelium with its function(s): Simple cuboidal
Secretion and absorption
A sebaceous (oil) gland of the skin must completely rupture to release its secretory products. Thus, this type of gland is considered to be a __________.
Holocrine
What is NOT a general feature of connective tissue proper?
Functions to cushion and support body structures
Which tissue type includes two major inter-dependent types of cells?
Nervous tissue
What is the function of muscle tissue type: smooth muscle
Allows hollow organs to contract and propel materials through them (digestive organs, reproductive organs, etc.)
What is the function of muscle tissue type: smooth muscle
Allows hollow organs to contract and propel materials through them (digestive organs, reproductive organs, etc.)
The skin is a __________ membrane.
cutaneous
“Made in part of branching cells that respond to stimuli and transmit electrical impulses” describes what type of tissue?
Nervous
No striations; spindle-shaped cells; uninucleated cells describes what type of tissue cell?
Smooth muscle
What is correct order of the steps of tissue repair?
Inflammation, blood clotting, organization, regeneration
Which of the following “sets the stage” for tissue repair?
Inflammation
Neurons are cells that are involved in __________.
Responding to stimuli
True or false: Nervous cells may be described as branching cells with cell processes that may be quite long.
True
True or False: Serous membranes provide secretions for lubrication of organs enclosed within the body cavities
True
Embryonic ectoderm develops into which of the following major tissue types?
Epithelial (arises from all 3) and Nervous (arises from ectoderm only)
Allows voluntary movement to occur by changing position of bones
Skeletal muscle
Mucous membrane located:
Lines the inside of hollow organs that open to the body’s exterior
True or False: Chondrocytes are components of bones.
False, chondrocytes are cartilage cells.
Spindle-shaped (elongated) cells with central nuclei; no striations; cells arranged closely to form sheets describes _________
Smooth muscle
Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf foreign matter, True or False?
True
Blood is considered a connective tissue because __________.
It arises from mesenchyme and has a non-living matrix around living cells (plasma)
Connective tissue type: Stands up to both tension and compression; tough and flexible, providing resilient rigidity
Cartilage
Osteoblast is a…
Immature, bone-producing cell
Fibrocartilage
Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate
Forms embryonic skeleton and covers the ends of long bones
Hyaline cartilage
Supports external ear, epiglottis
Elastic cartilage
An Osteoblast’s job is to….
form bone
Pumps a liquid connective tissue through vessels
Cardiac Muscle
Describe properties of bone tissue
Supports and protects body structures; stores fat; synthesizes blood cells
True or False: Moving the body is a job of connective tissue
False, that is muscle tissue’s job
Fibrocartilage is found in…
Intervertebral discs; pubis symphysis; menisci of knee joint
Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility
Elastic cartilage
Voluntary movement; locomotion; manipulation of the environment; facial expression; voluntary control
Skeletal muscle
Hematopoietic stem cells
Form new blood cells
