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Anatomy > Chapter 3 (Basic Cell Biology) > Flashcards

Chapter 3 (Basic Cell Biology) Flashcards

1
Q

What causes rough ER to have a rough appearance?

A

Rough ER is covered with ribosomes.

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2
Q

Which of the following organelles is composed of a series of flattened membrane sacs? Nucleus, Golgi Apparatus, Cytoskeleton, Peroxisome

A

Golgi Apparatus

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3
Q

Which of the following statements MOST accurately describes passive transport?

A

Passive transport allows molecules to scatter

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4
Q

Which of the following MOST accurately describes simple diffusion?

A

A NONPOLAR molecule passes through a CHANNEL

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5
Q

What would happen to a human cell that is placed in a 0.09% NaCl solution?

A

The cell would swell and burst

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6
Q

What portion of the plasma membrane is nonpolar? (has no charge)

A

The interior (fatty acids) is nonpolar.

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7
Q

What type of cell connection uses cadherins to tie neighboring cells to one another?

A

Desmosome

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8
Q

Where is interstitial fluid located?

A

It is between neighboring cells

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9
Q

Which of the following statements MOST accurately describes the nucleus?

A

The nucleus is the information center of the cell.

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10
Q

T or F: The cytoplasm includes the nucleus

A

FALSE: The cytoplasm includes everything surrounding the nucleus including smaller organelles, but does NOT include the nucleus itself.

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11
Q

Please describe the basic makeup of the cell membrane in one sentence.

A

The cell membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer with a nonpolar interior of fatty acids and a polar exterior of phosphates (with glycerol between).

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12
Q

What is the job of the cell membrane?

A

It is the boundary that separates the living cell from non living surroundings and controls the intake or rejection of outside materials.

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13
Q

What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic? Which is polar?

A

Hydrophilic will mix with water and is POLAR. Hydrophobic does not mix well with water (greasy/fatty/etc) and is NONPOLAR.

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14
Q

How thick is the plasma membrane bilayer?

A

The bilayer is about 9 nm thick

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15
Q

Does the bilayer contain anything besides phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids?

A

Yes, it contains cholesterol, glycolipids, glycoproteins, proteins, and enzymes, proteins and sugar groups for cell recognition (such as blood type, immune response, etc.)

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16
Q

T or F: The human plasma membrane contains cholesterol

A

TRUE: It keeps us fluid but strong.

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17
Q

T or F: Almost all human cells are uninucleate

A

TRUE. A few types of cells can be multinucleate (very hard working cells like hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes), and only one is anucleate (erythrocytes).

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18
Q

What multinucleate human cells might you find and why?

A

Cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. The heart and liver are very hard working and may have mutiple nuclei to support their jobs.

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19
Q

What human cell is anucleate?

A

Erythrocytes

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20
Q

What is the shell surrounding the nucleus called?

A

The nuclear envelope

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21
Q

What parts are contained within the nucleus?

A

DNA in the form of chromatin, and the nucleolus which produces RNA to create new ribosomes in the cytosol outside the nucleus.

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22
Q

What does the nucleolus look like?

A

A dark spot within the nucleus

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23
Q

What average size is the human nucleus? Can it be seen with a light microscope?

A

It is approximately 5 microns across. Yes, it can be seen with a light microscope.

24
Q

What are the parts of the cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm is everything within the cell excluding the nucleus and cell membrane. It contains the cytosol (80% water, fluid), organelles, and inclusions.

25
Q

Is cytosol watery, or viscous in texture?

A

It’s viscous due to the amount of solutes in the water

26
Q

Is cytosol purely water?

A

No, it contains dissolved solutes like enzymes, nutrients, and vitamins.

27
Q

What is an inclusion?

A

A large chunk of a substance valuable to the cell, but too large to be broken down.

28
Q

What type of inclusions might you find in a human cell?

A

Lipids (lipid drop), Melanin, Glycogen

29
Q

What does ‘organelle’ mean?

A

Little Organ

30
Q

Which organelle is NOT surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer?

A

Ribosomes

31
Q

What size are ribosomes? What size are the parts and their names?

A

The entire ribosome is about 80s in size. The large subunit is ____ and the small subunit is 40s in size.

32
Q

T or F: A busy cell can contain thousands of ribosomes.

A

True!

33
Q

T or F: A ribosome’s job is to produce new proteins

A

True!

34
Q

How does the mitochondria create ATP?

A

By oxidizing organic compounds

35
Q

T or F: A busy cell will have only one mitochondrion

A

False: A busy cell may have more mitochondria. Ranges from tens to hundreds.

36
Q

How many mitochondria might you expect to find in a human cell?

A

Tens to hundreds

37
Q

What do mitochondria produce?

A

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), energy currency of the cell.

38
Q

What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

An extensive network of flattened membrane sacs.

39
Q

What does reticulum mean?

A

“Little net” in latin, or a network (MW dictionary)

40
Q

T or F: The ER can fill over half the cell

A

True!

41
Q

What are the two parts of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The rough ER (more of this) and the smooth ER (less of this).

42
Q

What is the job of the Rough ER?

A

It excretes proteins into the extracellular space.

43
Q

What is each sac within the golgi apparatus called BEFORE it pinches off?

A

A cistern

44
Q

What is the small transport vehicle produced by the golgi apparatus called?

A

A vesicle

45
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

Like a post office in the cell, directs things where to go and packages them for delivery

46
Q

T or F: Lysosomes and vesicles are the same size

A

False: Lysosomes are LARGER than a vesicle

47
Q

What do lysosomes contain and why?

A

Lysosomes contain enzymes and acids used to break down things within the cell (like a garbage can/recycling center)

48
Q

What is a peroxisome?

A

A large, spherical organelle that contains protective enzymes that break down abnormal O2 in your body and detoxify free radicals.

49
Q

What enzymes do a peroxisome contain?

A

Catalases and Oxidases (Cata=break down)

50
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

The network of long, thin protein fibers that support the cell.

51
Q

What are the 3 types of cytoskeletal PROTEINS?

A

Microfilaments (Actin), Intermediate Filaments (Keratin [strongest]), and Microtubules (large fat tubes of Tubulin)

52
Q

What is the basic description of diffusion?

A

All molecules in the universe contain kinetic energy; this causes molecules to scatter and spread out of their own accord

53
Q

T or F: Passive transport can use ATP

A

False, passive transport methods do not use ATP.

54
Q

Why can water move through the cell membrane easily, while other polar molecules cannot?

A

Water molecules are so tiny, they pass through like through a beaded curtain

55
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

The passive transport of water.

56
Q

What is the difference between hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic?

A

Hypertonic is a HIGH concentration of solutes outside the cell, hypotonic is a LOWER concentration outside the cell, and Isotonic is a balance of solutes within and without.

Anatomy (10 decks)

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