Chapter 6: Bone 1 Flashcards
What are some important functions of bone BESIDES support and protection? Hint: involves hormones
Helps to regulate insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure
What class of bone is approximately equal in length and width
Short bones (such as tarsals and carpals)
What is Hematopoiesis and where does it occur?
It is blood cell production, and occurs in the red marrow.
What is the technical term for blood cell production?
Hematopoiesis
What is the name for an Ovoid bone found in a tendon?
Sesamoid bone
What is the primary ossification center?
The diaphysis
Bone with a complex shape is called?
Irregular bone
What type of bone class is the scapula?
Flat bone. Even though it has projections, it is MAINLY curved and flat.
What is the hollow space in the shaft of a long bone?
Medullary Cavity
In adults, the medullary cavity stores what?
Yellow marrow/fat
Identify the stage of long bone growth at the epiphyseal plate indicated by “C.”
Hypertrophic Zone.
Cartilage cells expand and erode their lacunae as they are taken over by osseous tissue (big cells on the border of bone and cartilage)
Give an example of a short bone
Carpals or Tarsals
Give an example of an irregular bone
Vertebra or Coxa (hip bone)
True or false: Bone tissue has hormonal production occuring
True. It helps to:
- regulate insulin secretion
- glucose homeostasis
- energy expenditure
Give an example of a long bone
Humerus (arm bone)
What are the zones of of growth in long bones?
- Resting Zone
- Proliferation Zone (Chondrocytes undergoing mitosis)
- Hypertrophic Zone (Older cartilage cells enlarge their lacunae)
- Calcification Zone (Matrix calcifies, chondrocytes begin to die, matricx deteriorates, blood vessels invade the cavity
- Ossification Zone (New bone forms, covering cartilage spicules)
What class of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid bone
What type of tissue covers the outer surface of a long bone? What is it called?
Fibrous connective tissue; Periosteum
Correct stage name in longitudinal growth of a long bone:
Dead cartilage cells appear; matrix begins deteriorating
Stage 3 (Hypertrophic)
The diaphysis is the site of..
Primary Ossification
Major inorganic component of bone is…
Calcium Phosphate (mineral deposit)
Fossae are…
Bone depressions
A narrow, slitlike opening in a bone is referred to as a __________.
Fissure
A Trochanter is…
A large, blunt, irregularly shaped process on a bone
Hypocalcemia leads to…
Hypocalcemia leads to hyperexcitability.
A Tuberosity is…
large, rough and rounded projection
T or F:
Despite the environmental factors that influence bone density, genetics still plays the major role in determining bone density.
True
Describe a Tubercle
Small rounded projection or process
