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Anatomy > Chapter 5 - Integumentary > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the description of the Stratum lucidum?

A

A thin, translucent band consisting of a two to three rows of clear, flat, dead, keratinocytes

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2
Q

What are Melanocytes responsible for?

A

Skin pigment

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3
Q

What are Dendritic (Langerhans) cells?

A

They activate the immune system (in skin)

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4
Q

Which of the following lists the layers of the EPIDERMIS in thick skin in the correct order from DEEP to SUPERFICIAL?

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum (thick skin has 5 layers)

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5
Q

What is a description of a stratum basale?

A

Single row of cells mainly composed of keratinocyte stem cells. The deepest and most active layer of the epidermis.

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6
Q

What are 4 functions of hair?

A

Provides sun protection on the scalp, Protects against trauma on the scalp, filtration of particles into wet membranes (nose hair and eyelashes) and enables us to feel insects on our skin before they sting or bite

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7
Q

T or F: Hair is a source of warmth for humans

A

False, we do not have enough hair to provide significant temperature control

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8
Q

T or F: Hair is a source of warmth for humans

A

False, we do not have enough hair to provide significant temperature control

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9
Q

What are the 4 layers of thin skin EPIDERMIS from superficial to deep?

A

Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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10
Q

The most common (and least malignant) type of cancer arises in what layer of skin?

A

Stratum basale (basal cell carcinoma) *Remember, cancer occurs fast in cells that reproduce at the highest rates, so since the basale divides quickly to refill upper layers, it is more prone to cancer than other layers of the epidermis.*

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11
Q

T or F: Exposure to UV radiation may damage folate that circulates in the blood within skin. Folate is an important B vitamin that is important for the reduction in neural tube defects in pregnant women.

A

True.

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12
Q

What epidermal component possesses a waterproofing glycolipid that functions in preventing water loss?

A

Lamellar granules

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13
Q

Which of the following cells function as sensory receptors for touch?

A

Merkel cells

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Where are horny cells found and what are they?

A

They are found in the stratum corneum (horny layer) and are cells that are dead but their supporting fibers poke out of the collapsing cell, giving it a horned look.

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16
Q

Name some facts about the stratum corneum

A
  1. Superficial layer of the epidermis
  2. Full of dead cells (keratinocytes)
  3. Held together by desmosomes (or corneodesmosomes)
  4. Continuously being shed
  5. Composed of thin squamous cells
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17
Q

Bundle of smooth muscle tissue running from the superficial dermis to the hair follicle; responsible for producing goose bumps

A

Arrector Pili

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18
Q

White, crescent-shaped area under the nail’s proximal region

A

Lunule

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19
Q

True or False:

Hair’s main function in humans is to sense insects on the skin before they bite or sting us.

A

True

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20
Q

Excessive hairiness is also known as…

A

hirsutism

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21
Q

If an individual was unable to produce sebum, what problem would they most likely develop?

A

Their hair would become brittle and break easily

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22
Q

When do apocrine glands begin functioning?

A

Puberty

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23
Q

The expanded, deep region of a hair follicle is called…

A

Hair bulb

24
Q

What type of disease may cause hirsutism in women?

A

Tumors of the adrenal or ovaries

25
Q

What are some functions of sebum?

A
  • Sebum softens and lubricates the hair and skin,
  • prevents hair from becoming brittle, and
  • slows water loss from the skin when external humidity is low.
  • Perhaps even more important is its bactericidal (bacteriumkilling) action.
26
Q

Apocrine sweat is often…. in color

A

Milky or yellowish

27
Q

Where do apocrine ducts excrete their products?

A

The ducts empty into hair follicles

28
Q

True or false:

We have over 1,000,000 apocrine sweat glands over our entire bodies.

A

False;

Apocrine sweat glands are almost entirely in the axillary and anal/genital regions and number about 2,000.

29
Q

What do eccrine glands excrete?

A

Sweat: a hypotonic filtrate of the blood (99% water with traces of salt, vitamin C, antibodies, metabolic wastes, and lactic acid)

30
Q

The actively growing part of the nail is called the…

A

Nail matrix

31
Q

The role of ceruminous glands is to __________

A

earwax

32
Q

Sebaceous glands are found…

A

All over the body except for the palms and the soils

33
Q

Epidermis on which the nail rests

A

Nail bed

34
Q

Mammary glands are found in the…

A

Pectoral region

35
Q

Alopecia areata is…

A

A rare condition where hair follicles are attacked by the immune system, causing the hair to fall out in patches

36
Q

Free edge

A

Distal edge of the nail

37
Q

Terminal hair is located in all of the following areas, except the __________.

A

body hair of females

38
Q

What is vellus?

A

Vellus hair is the fine, soft hair of children and body hair of women

39
Q

True or False?

Sweat is a hypertonic solution compared to plasma, containing high amounts of sodium.

A

False. Sweat is hypotonic and 99% water.

40
Q

True or False?

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system regulates sweating.

A

True!

41
Q

Alopecia is…

A

Loss of hair

42
Q

Which of the following can lead to hair loss?

  1. Severe emotional trauma
  2. Fever
  3. Excessive Vitamin A
  4. None of these
  5. All of these
A

All of these

43
Q

Sudoriferous glands produce what?

A

Sweat

44
Q

White, crescent-shaped area under the nail’s proximal region is the ______.

A

Lunule

45
Q

True or False:

Nails are primarily used to protect the capillary beds in the tip of the fingers and toes.

A

False.

Human nails correspond to the hooves or claws of other animals, and are essentially tools for picking things up!

46
Q

Horizontal lines (Beau’s lines) across the nails may hint of ________.

A

Malnutrition

47
Q

Yellow tinged nails can be a sign of what disorders?

A

Thyroid gland or respiratory disorders

48
Q

Emotionally induced sweating begins on the _____, ______, and ______ before spreading to other areas of the body.

A

Palms, Soles, and Armpits/Axillary region

49
Q

Where does heat-induced sweating begin?

A

Heat-induced sweating begins on the forehead and spreads inferiorly over the remainder of the body.

50
Q

True or False:

Apocrine sudoriferous sweat glands are found in the pectoral region only

A

False:

Apocrine sudoriferous glands are found in the axillary, anal and genital regions

51
Q

The actively growing part of the nail is called the ______.

A

Nail matrix

52
Q

A patient comes in and you notice her nails have a distinct spoon shape. What might you test for?

A

Iron deficiency

53
Q

The area under the free edge of the nail, is called the ______, also called the “quick”.

A

Hyponychium

Hypo=below

Nychium = nail

54
Q

The coarser, longer hair of the eyebrows and scalp is __________ and grows in response to _________.

A

Terminus hair; androgens

55
Q
A

Anatomy (10 decks)

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