Chapter 8 - Intelligence Flashcards
Francis Galton
Francis Galton
Interested in eugenics, improving the human race
-said some people are better than others
Two ways of defining intelligence:
objectively observable behavior
Capacity to learn
Alfred Binet
Alfred Binet
Identified mental age
-special ed kids
Mental age
Reflects mental ability typical of a child of a certain chronological age
Performance of a child and how it corresponds to chronological age of other kid
Louis Terman
Lewis Termin
Developed the Stanford Binet test
Stanford-Binet Test
First intelligence quotient (IQ)
Iq = mental age /chronological age * 100
David Weschler
Developed the Weschler Adult Intelligence scale
psychological tests
Psychological tests
A systematic procedure for observing behavior
-A good way to quantify mental abilities
– Can be reified or biased
Weschler Adult Intelligence scale
4 Categories:
Verbal comprehension scale
Perceptual reasoning scale
Processing speed scale
Working memory scale
The kallikak family (early 1900s)
Detailed study saying that intelligence is inherited
Reliability of a psychological test
Validity of the psychological test
Reliability
- Is it consistent
- Test retest reliability
- Split half
Validity
-Predictably
How I'll they predict their future
-External validity
How does it do relating to the real world
Cumulative deprivation hypothesis
Cumulative deprivation hypothesis
Chronic environmental deprivation leads to iq decline
Kids from poor adopted into rich jump nearly 30% IQ
Flynn Effect
Flynn effect
Iq in industrialized countries have been increasing in the last 20 years
Reaction Range
Reaction range
Genetically determined range for ones IQ
Steriotype threat
Stereotype threat
People who expect to place into a stereotype they’ll fit in it
-Golf video
Steele and aronson (1995) showed people faced with stereotype
Crystallized intelligence
Fluid intelligence
Crystallized
- Acquired intelligence over time, logic, book smart
Fluid
- intelligence over different situations to solve new problems, street smart
Sternburgs Triarchial theory
Three ways
Practical intelligence
Information processing intelligence
Creative intelligence
Williams syndrome
Hyperactive kids who had no boundaries
Decision-making
We have an overabundance of choices at all times, we must decide to choose one
Gardeners multiple intelligence theory
8 domains
Gardeners multiple intelligence theory
8 domains
body kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Naturalistic
spatial skills
Musical
Intrapersonal
Linguistic
logical mathematical
Deliberation without attention
Deliberation without attention
When things become complex/overwhelming you’re more likely to me you make quick decisions
Heuristic
Finding an optimal answer under the available means even if it is not perfect
Availability heuristic
Representative heuristic
Simulation heuristic
Availability Heuristic
-Estimating probability of event based on ease of coming to mind
Representative heuristic
-Estimating the event based on how similar it is of a prototype/s
Stereotype they ignore the base rate (likely thing)
Simulation heuristic
-Determining the likelihood of the event based o how easy it is based on the ease of how you can picture it mentally
