Chapter 10 - Social Psychology Flashcards
Social Psych
Social psychology
How our thoughts feelings and behaviors are influenced by others
Attributions
Attributions
Inferences people draw about their own and others behavior - making meaning out of life
Internal attributions
External attributions
Stability of causes
Internal attributions
When the cause of the behavior is attributed to people’s Personal predispositions, traits, feelings,
External attributions
Cause is because of the environmental constraints/demands
Stability of causes
Stable: persons innate abilities, task difficulty
Unstable - persons present mood, luck
Types of mental biases (5 types)
Types of mental biases
Actor observer bias
The fundamental attribution error error
Self serving bias
Gender bias
Cultural bias
Actor observer bias
Actor observer bias
Person doing behavior (actor) is more likely to make external attribution
Person watching behavior is more likely to attribute it to internal
The fundamental attribution error error
The fundamental attribution error error
People attribute someone’s behavior towards internal influences and not external factors
Jones and Harris debate experiment:
When the observer listened to speeches told they were assigned aff/neg
Self serving bias
Self serving bias
We are more likely to attribute success to internal attributions and failures to external factors
Gender bias
Gender bias
Women who do well at men’s tasks are seen as lucky, placed on external attributions
Cultural bias
Individualism culture
Collectivism
Cultural bias
Individualism culture
Favor individual goals
Do what you want
Tend to promote self serving and attribute
Collectivism
Works as a group effacing bias (make seem insignificant)
Attraction
Attraction
The natural feeling of being drawn to other individuals and desiring their company.
Matching hypothesis
Similarity
Proximity
Reciprocity
Matching hypothesis
Males and females of similar physical attractiveness select each other
Similarity Age race religion class education intelligence attitude
Proximity
Physical distance v functional distance
Reciprocity
We like people who like us back
Halo effect
Halo effect
Occurs when an overall imppression to a character company or product
Attitudes
Attitudes
Evaluation of a person place thing or effect
Components of attitude
Components of attitude
Affect - emotions
Behavior - predisposition to act
Cognition - beliefs and ideas (schemas)
Components of attitude
Affect
Behavior
Cognition
Components of attitude
Affect - emotions
Behavior - predisposition to act
Cognition - beliefs and ideas (schemas)
Attitude dimensions
Strength
Accessibility
Ambivalence
Attitude dimensions
Strength
The stronger the attitude the less it will change
Accessibility
The time it takes for an attitude to come to mind
Ambivalence
When it’s not completely positive or negative
Types of attitude
Types of attitude
Explicit attitude
Conscious or overt attitudes
Implicit attitude
Unconscious or covertly influence behavior
Attitude dimensions
Attitude dimensions
Strength
The stronger the attitude the less it will change
Accessibility
The time it takes for an attitude to come to mind
Ambivalence
When it’s not completely positive or negative
4 Ways attitudes are learned:
Learning theory
Evaluating conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
4 Ways attitudes are learned:
Learning theory
- parents
- Peers
- Media
- Culture
Evaluating conditioning
-transferring attitude From US to new CS
Operant conditioning
Stating an opinion and reactions from others reinforce or weaken attitude
Observational learning
Exposure to viewpoints may influence own attitudes
4 Ways attitudes are learned:
4 Ways attitudes are learned:
Learning theory
- parents
- Peers
- Media
- Culture
Evaluating conditioning
-transferring attitude From US to new CS
Operant conditioning
Stating an opinion and reactions from others reinforce or weaken attitude
Observational learning
Exposure to viewpoints may influence own attitudes
Cognitive dissonance
Cognitive dissonance
A person is presented with a belief opposite theirs
May lead to:
- Change belief
- Change in constant cognition
- Ignore or deny
- Justify by adding knowledge
Conformity
Conformity
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure
Asch conformity study
Asch conformity study
- Seven in a room, 6th was the subject
- The sixth would agree with them 40% of the time
- Social pressure caused them to change answer
- Peaks around 6-7 people
Obedience
Obedience
When people follow a direct command from someone in authority
Milgram Obedience Study
Milgram
- Learner in room and teacher
- Every time L got wrong answer T gave electric shock
- 2/3 of people were ready to kill a man
Why do we obey?
Why do we obey?
To avoid punishment
We’ve been taught to follow rules
The need to be liked
Zimbardo Stanford prison situation
Zimbardo Stanford prison situation
- Half people were made guards half were prisoners
- What happens when you leave them alone two weeks
- Within twenty four hours people were planning rebellions and riots, it had to be terminated in 6 days
Bystander effect
Bystander effect
If Someone needs help they’re less likely to get help when there’s a group of people present than when they’re alone with another
Social loafing
Social loafing
The tendency to exert less effort in a group task in which individual contribution cannot be monitored
Ringelmann effect
Ringelmann effect is the first ex of social loafing
Why does SL happen/ how do we fix it?
Why does this happen?
- Diffusion of responsibility
- Decreased evaluation apprehension
- Perceiving that your efforts don’t matter
- Don’t care about group or task
Fixing this
- Being assigned specific tasks
- Having a way to evaluate the people
- Increasing group members perceived importance
- Increase involvement
- Individual goals
- Smaller groups
- Collectivistic societies
Passionate Love
PassionateLove
Complete absorption in another person
Sexual feelings, agony and intensity for another person
Companionate Love
Companionate
Warm trust tolerant affection
Another person who’s life is deeply intertwined in your own
Attraction: evolution perspective
Attraction: evolution perspective
Maximizing reproductive fitness
Attractiveness as an indicator of reproductive potential is more important for men
Can they provide us more important for women
