Chapter 11 - Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
Prevalence of MI
Prevalence
Point prevalence
-How common is a mental illness over a discreet period of time (1 yr)
=26% met criteria for mental illness
Lifetime prevalent
- What percentage of people will be diagnosed with one over their life
- 46%
Etiology
Etiology
What is the cause of something
Prognosis
Prognosis
Why’s is the long term outcome of this
Egosyntonic v egodystonic
Egodystonic
Recognizing symptoms as not part of who you are
Egosyntonic
Symptoms are really who you are are a part of you.
M v W
M
Substance abuse (4x), autism
W
Depression (2x) anxiety (3x) eating disorders
Defining mental disorder (2 things)
Defining mental disorder
Cluster of symptoms
-The symptoms have to occur for a period of time
Functional (behavior)
-Does the illness keep your from functioning properly
Perspectives on psychological disorders (5)
Medical
Behavioral
Sociocultural
- Cultural general
- Cultural specific
Cognitive
Diathesis/stress
Perspectives on psychological disorders (5)
Medical
Behavioral
Sociocultural
- Cultural general
- Cultural specific
Cognitive
Diathesis/stress
Medical
-Disorders have biological bases, may be linked to vervain areas of the brain
Behavioral
-Can be the result of conditioning and learning
Sociocultural
-Cultural general
Some disorders exist in all cultures (depression)
-Cultural specific
Disorders that only occurred specific cultures
Cognitive
-Same event can lead to different psychological reactions based on people’s thinking
Diathesis/stress
-People have biologically predisposition vulnerability to psychological disorder, but stress makes this order appear
DSM
DSM
Diagnostic and statistical manual, fifth edition
DSM-IV
5 axes
DSM-IV
Axis one – all clinical disorders
Axis two – personality disorders
Axis III – physical/medical problems
Axis four – psychological/environmental problems
Axis five – global assessment of functioning scale of 0 to 100
DSM-V changes
DSM-V changes
- Multi axial system removed
- Dimensional assessment introduced
- Thinking about disorders on a continuum, not just diagnosed or not
- Reorganized of the disorders
Cons of DSM
Cons of DSM
Overpathologizes
Overlap of systems
-Comorbidity: More likely to be diagnosed with multiples
Creates a stigma - labeling people, bad media
Anxiety Disorders: 5 types
Anxiety disorders
-Overwhelming fear and avoidance
Specific phobia
Social anxiety disorder
GAD
Agoraphobia
Panic disorder
Specific phobia
Specific phobia
Afraid of specific situations or objects
Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder
- Specific social situation fear
- Fear of negative evaluation
GAD
GAD
General anxiety disorder
Free flowing anxiety
Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia
People are afraid of being in places where escape is dificult
End up being housebound
Panic disorder
Panic disorder
Pattern of having panic attacks
PTSD
PTSD
Has a specific trigger
React to traumatic experiences direct/observed
OCD
Obsessions and compulsions
Obsessions:
Recurring intrusive thought that you can’t get off your mind
Compulsions
Repetitive behavior undos it
Negative reinforcement
Body dismorphia disorder
Body dismorphia disorder
Believe a part or while ob them is ugly
Two big things are mirror, asking others
BDD by proxy
Obsessed with another’s bad appearance
Etiology of MI’s (5)
Etiology
Genetic
Cognitive
-People with disorders interpret things differently
Preparedness
We are biologically prepared based on evolutionary history to fear things
Conditioning
We condition to fear things
Learning
Two factor theory
Take something neutral it bites you now you associate dog with pain
Two types of depression
Depression
Major depression disorder
At least two weeks most of the say
Symptoms
-Mood, Loss of interest, Appetite, Sleep, Psychomotor activity, Fatigue, Thoughts of death,
Persistent depression disorder/Dysthymia
-Chronic low level depression lasting long time
Similar symptoms less severe
Almost like personality disorder
Two theories of depression and neurotransmitter
Cognitive theory
-Partially covered by how you view a situation (“automatic thoughts”)
-Your immediate thoughts impact mood
Basically related to core beliefs about yourself
Related to serotonin neurotransmitter
Interpersonal/social activity theory of depression
-Less likely to be active, so less likely to experience fun, maintains depression
Mood Dissorders: 6 types
Depression
Mania
Bipolar
Schitzophrenia
Anorexia
Bulimia
Manic/Mania
Manic/Mania
Presence of abnormally elevated expansive mood
- Racing thoughts
- Grandiosity
- Less sleep
- Pressured speech
- Distracts easily
- Increase goal directed
- Increased involvement in pleasure activity with high risk
Schizophrenia
Symptoms
Schizophrenia
Symptoms
Hallucinations
-Sensory experiences without having sensory input
Delusions
-Odd beliefs not in touch with reality
Thought disorder
Impaired social functioning
Schizophrenia
Positive v negative symptoms
Positive v negative symptoms
Positives: Present in people with schizophrenia but not in normal people
Negatives: Behaviors that are present in normal that aren’t in schizophrenia
Anhedonia
Anhedonia (two types: pleasure in moment, anticipatory: pleasure in future no enjoyment, amortization, flat affect
Schizophrenia:
Causal factors
Causal factors:
Genetics
-1% of pop has schitzo
Neurotransmitter
-Dopamine: either too much or the sensors are too sensitive
Neurological problems
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa
-Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a Minimal weight for age and height
- Restrict food intake/purge
- Caused by starvation
- Low body temperature
- Low blood pressure
- Reduced bone density
- Slow heart rate
- Lanugo hair
Bulimia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Recurrent episodes of binge eating with the following:
- Lack of eating control during episode
- Eating within a time period that is much larger than most
Recurrent compensatory in order to prevent weight gain
Purging, laxatives, exercise, etc
Bulimia nervosa
Two types
Two types
Purging type
-Regularly engage in vomiting laxatives etc
Non purging
-Fasting or excessive exercise
