Chapter 8 - Identity Flashcards

Question

What is identity diffusion?

Answer 1

not exploring and making no attempt to do so have not committed but also not in crisis don't know don't care! incoherent, disjointed, incomplete sense of self disrupted sense of time, excessive self-consciousness, problems in work, school, and relationships

Answer 2

committed but not experienced a crisis/exploration identity has been imposed on them ex. people who follow parental footsteps without considering any other options

Answer 3

have explored and have made ideological and vocational commitments developed clear and stable sense of who they are, where they are headed, and what they believe major task of adolescence/youth

Answer 4

substantial reorganization of the sense of self at a time when they have intellectual capacity to appreciate the significance of the changes change so dramatically on the outside during puberty, naturally have questions about the changes occurring on the inside

Answer 5

extraversion (outgoing/energetic) agreeableness (kind/sympathetic) conscientiousness (responsible/organized) neuroticism (anxious/tense) openness to experience (curious/imaginative)

Answer 6

extent to which an individual's relative ranking within a group on a particular trait stays more or less the same over time

Answer 7

no dramatic drop but feelings about themselves fluctuate from day to day especially during early adolescence becomes increasingly more stable towards adulthood

Answer 8

between 12-14 re-emergence of egocentrism realize it is not always clear what they are thinking, become puzzled and uncomfortable thinking about how they are viewed by others increased importance of peer opinion

Answer 9

academic - may be terrible at math but amazing at history social - may be totally confident around their friends some components may contribute more than others - physical self-esteem most important predictor of overall self-esteem

Answer 10

girls more prone to self-image issues black adolescents have higher self-esteem than white adolescents, who have higher self-esteem than Asian/Native/Hispanic adolescents

Answer 11

support from black community strong sense of ethnic community

Answer 12

approval of others, especially parents and peers succeeding in school

Answer 13

selection of an identity that is obviously undesirable in the eyes of significant others and the broader community represents attempts to forge some sense of self-definition in an environment that has made it difficult to establish an acceptable identity especially likely when repeated attempts to receive positive recognition from important figures have failed

Answer 14

most authoritarian and prejudiced highest need for social approval lowest autonomy greatest closeness to parents

Answer 15

highest psychological, behavioural, and interpersonal problems socially withdrawn, antisocial behaviour, low intimacy

Answer 16

coherent identity generally not established before 18 boys tend to lag behind girls in identity development changes less systematic than originally thought, can move in between identity states individuals who show signs of identity diffusion or moratorium early on frequently remain in this state

Answer 17

just as important as establishing other identities White adolescents have weaker sense of ethnic identity than non-white peers feelings about own ethnic group become most positive throughout adolescence strong ethnic identity -> improved mental health, self-esteem, etc.

Answer 18

process parents uses to attempt to teach their children about their ethnic/racial identity and about the social experiences they may encounter within the broader society as a result of their ethnic background

Answer 19

on many measures of psychological functioning and mental health, adolescents who have immigrated more recently score higher on measures of adjustment than adolescents whose family has lived there for several generations Americanization is not a positive thing!

Answer 20

minority youth with strong attachment to mainstream culture minority youth with American born parents can lead to psychological suffering and subsequent conduct problems

Answer 21

perspective on ethnic identity that emphasizes 3 phenomena racial centrality - how important race is in defining one's identity - increases during adolescence private regard - how individuals feel about being a member of their race - remains stable in adolescence public regard - how individuals think others feel about their race - differs among different backgrounds

Answer 22

the idea that pressures to behave in sex appropriate ways intensify during adolescence contributes to mental health issues consequences of being gender-atypical are greater for boys than girls

Answer 23

aggression - males more physical, females more social/verbal intimacy - females more verbal, males more shared activities low self-esteem and depression - both greater for female