CHAPTER 8 (Fromm) Flashcards
The combination of animal instinct and presence of rational thoughts make humans freaks of the universe.
Humanistic Psychoanalysis
Humans have been torn away from their prehistoric union with nature, and their facility to reason allows them to become aware of such separation
Human Dilemma
What are the three Existential Dichotomies?
- Life and Death
- Self-realization and Life Span (time)
- Aloneness and Union
- Self-awareness leads to awareness of mortality.
- Attempts to cope include beliefs in life after death, but the fact remains that life ends with death.
Life and Death
- Humans conceptualize complete self-realization but know life is too short to achieve it.
- Some cope by believing their era is the pinnacle of human achievement; others believe in continued development after death.
Self-Realization and Life Span
- People are aware of themselves as separate individuals but seek union with others for happiness.
- This dichotomy cannot be completely resolved, but an attempt must be made to avoid insanity.
Aloneness and Union
Humans have distinctive needs beyond physiological ones, rooted in their existence as a separate species.
Human Needs
What are the Five Existential Needs?
- Relatedness:
- Transcendence:
- Rootedness:
- Sense of Identity:
- Frame of Orientation:
- Drive for union with others.
- Can be fulfilled through submission, power, or love.
Relatedness:
Urge to rise above passive existence into purposefulness and freedom.
Transcendence:
Need to establish roots or feel at home in the world.
Rootedness:
Capacity to be aware of oneself as a separate entity.
Sense of Identity:
Need for a roadmap to navigate the world
Frame of Orientation:
Humans, unique in possessing self-awareness and reason, experience both the blessing and curse of freedom. They are torn from nature but remain part of it, subject to the same limitations as other animals.
Burden of Freedom
What are the three Escape Mechanisms?
- Authoritarianism
- Destructiveness:
- Conformity:
Fusion of the self with a more powerful entity to alleviate feelings of weakness.
Authoritarianism
Rooted in feelings of powerlessness, seeks to restore lost feelings of power by destroying others or objects.
Destructiveness
Escape from aloneness and isolation by giving up individuality and conforming to others’ desires.
Conformity
Achieved through spontaneous and full expression of rational and emotional potentialities.
Positive Freedom
It refers to an individual’s relatively permanent way of relating to people and things
Character Orientations
It is the acquired qualities of personality
Character
What are the four Nonproductive Orientations?
- Receptive:
- Exploitative:
- Hoarding:
- Marketing:
These characters believe that all good things come from outside themselves and that their role is to passively receive love, knowledge, and material possessions.
Receptive
These characters aggressively take what they want, often using cunning or force.
Exploitative
These characters focus on holding onto what they already possess, including money, feelings, and thoughts.
Hoarding
These characters treat themselves as commodities, emphasizing their ability to adapt and sell themselves in modern commerce.
Marketing
What are the three Productive Orientation?
- Work:
- Love:
- Thinking:
Refers to a love of death and is characterized by an attraction to destruction and decay. It goes beyond the sexual perversion and encompasses an overall preference for lifelessness over life.
Necrophilia
A personality disorder that value everything they possess and devalue everything belonging to others. They have an inflated self-image and a sense of superiority over others.
Malignant Narcissism
A personality disorder that is an extreme dependence on the mother or a mother substitute.
Incestuous Symbiosis
A personality disorder that describe people who exhibit a combination of the three disorders—necrophilia, malignant narcissism, and incestuous symbiosis.
Syndrome of Decay
