CHAPTER 3 (Adler) Flashcards
Alfred Adler was born in ____1870?
February 7, 1870
Alfred Adler was born at what specific place?
Vienna, Austria
Alfred Adler died because of ______while on a speaking tour.
Heart attack
What is the specific date of Alfred Adler’s death?
May 28, 1937
What are the 6 Main Principles of Adlerian Theory?
- The one dynamic force behind people’s behavior is the striving for success or superiority.
- People’s subjective perceptions shape their behavior and personality.
- Personality is unified and self-consistent.
- The value of all human activity must be seen from the viewpoint of social interest.
- The self-consistent personality structure develops into a person’s styleof life.
- Style of life is molded by people’s creative power.
This drive originates from feelings of inferiority, often stemming from physical deficiencies or early life experiences.
Striving for Success or Superiority
People aim for a ________ of either personal superiority or the success of humanity as a whole. This goal is fictional and subjective.
Final goal
Adler proposed that individuals strive for superiority or success as a means of compensating for feelings of ______ or weakness.
Inferiority
Children typically begin to establish a direction for their striving force and set goals around the age of ___ or ____, shaping their psychological development.
4 or 5
What are the two general avenues of striving?
- focused on personal superiority
- centered on social interest and success for everyone.
Some individuals strive for personal gain without concern for others, motivated by exaggerated feelings of personal inferiority or an inferiority complex.
Striving for Personal Superiority
Are ideas with no real existence but influence people’s actions as if they were real.
Fictionalism
Adler adopted a _______view of motivation, where behavior is explained in terms of its final purpose or aim, rather than by past causes. People are motivated by present perceptions of the future, guided by their fictions.
Teleological or Teleology
Individuals start life with _____ _______, which stimulate feelings of inferiority and motivate them to strive for perfection or completion.
Physical Deficiencies
The third tenet of Adlerian theory is?
Personality is unified and self consistent.
Adler proposed that all human behavior is driven by a single dynamic force: the striving for success or superiority.
What tenet is this?
The first tenet : The one dynamic force behind
people’s behavior is the striving for success or superiority.
Adler proposed that people’s behavior and personality are shaped not by reality but by their subjective perceptions of reality, known as their fictions or expectations of the future.
What tenet is this?
The second tenet: People’s subjective perceptions shape their behavior and personality.
Adlerian theory emphasizes the fundamental unity of personality, where all behaviors are directed towards a single goal and serve a single purpose.
What tenet is this?
The third tenet : Personality is unified and self consistent.
The disturbance of one part of the body affects the entire person, and the deficient organ expresses the direction of the individual’s goal.
Organ Dialect
Refers to a feeling of oneness with all humanity and an attitude of relatedness and empathy towards others.
Social interest
Social Interest is the value of all human activity and serves as the adhesive that binds society together.
What tenet is this?
The fourth tenet : The value of all human activity must be seen from the viewpoint of social interest
_______ is Adler’s yardstick for measuring psychological health and is the sole criterion of human values.
Social interest
Refers to the overall flavor or pattern of a person’s life, encompassing their goals, self-concept, attitudes toward others, and outlook on the world.
Style of life
Presents an optimistic view of people while resting heavily on the notion of social interest (feeling of oneness with al human kind)
Individual psychology
Adler believed that every individual possesses creative power, giving them the freedom to shape their own style of life.
What tenet is this?
The sixth tenet : Style of life is molded by people’s creative power
People are responsible for who they are and how they behave, as their _____ enables them to control their lives, determine their goals, and decide how to pursue them.
Creative power
The primary factor underlying all maladjustments, according to Adler, is underdeveloped _________
Social interest.
What are the three external factors contributing to maladjustment?
- Exaggerated physical deficiencies
- Pampered style of life
- Neglect.
Three external factors contributing to maladjustment:
Accompanied by accentuated feelings of inferiority, can lead to self-centeredness and lack of consideration for others.
Exaggerated physical deficiencies
Three external factors contributing to maladjustment:
Characterized by weak social interest and a desire for perpetual pampering, often originates from overprotective parenting.
A pampered style of life
Three external factors contributing to maladjustment:
Experienced as feeling unloved or unwanted, can result in a neglected style of life marked by distrust, alienation, and envy towards others’ success.
Neglect
Adler proposed that individuals develop patterns of behavior to protect their exaggerated sense of self-esteem from public disgrace. What is it called?
Safeguarding Tendencies
What is the difference of Freud’s defense mechanisms and Adlerian safeguarding tendencies?
Freud’s defense mechanisms operate unconsciously to protect the ego against anxiety, whereas Adlerian safeguarding tendencies are conscious and protect against public disgrace.
What are the three common safeguarding tendencies?
- Excuses
- Aggression
- Withdrawal
What are the four modes of safeguarding through
withdrawal?
(1) moving backward
(2) standing still
(3) hesitating
(4)constructing obstacles.
Types of Safeguarding Tendencies:
Commonly expressed as “Yes, but” or “If only” statements, it protect a weak sense of self-worth by deceiving others into believing the individual is more superior than they truly are.
Excuses
Types of Safeguarding Tendencies:
Used to safeguard an exaggerated superiority complex, it may manifest as depreciation, accusation, or self-accusation.
Aggression
Types of Safeguarding Tendencies:
Individuals may halt personality development by avoiding life’s difficulties through _________
Withdrawal
Four modes of safeguarding through withdrawal:
Reverting psychologically to a more secure period of life, similar to Freud’s concept of regression.
Moving Backward
Four modes of safeguarding through withdrawal:
Avoiding all responsibilities and actions to safeguard against failure.
Standing Still
Four modes of safeguarding through withdrawal:
Procrastinating or vacillating when faced with difficult problems, often leading to the excuse “It’s too late now.”
Hesitating
Four modes of safeguarding through withdrawal:
Building barriers to overcome them and protect self-esteem, with failure providing an excuse if needed.
Constructing Obstacles
What are the Four Applications of Individual Psychology?
- Family Constellation
- Early Recollections
- Dreams
- Psychotherapy
Birth order:
May experience intensified feelings of power and superiority, along with high anxiety and overprotectiveness, due to their unique position and possible dethronement when a younger sibling is born.
Firstborn children or Oldest child
Birth order:
Influenced by their perception of the older sibling, tend to develop moderate competitiveness and may challenge authority if successful.
Secondborn children or Second child
Birth order:
Are often pampered and may have strong feelings of inferiority but can be highly motivated to excel.
Youngest children
Birth order:
May develop an exaggerated sense of superiority, lacking cooperation and social interest, and expecting pampering and protection from others.
Only children
Adlerian _______aims to enhance courage, lessen feelings of inferiority, and encourage social interest.
Psychotherapy
What are Holland’s Six Career Types?
1.Realistic
2. Investigative
3. Artistic
4. Social
5. Enterprising
6. Conventional
Qualities of Holland’s Six Career Types:
Likes to work with animals, tools, or machines; generally avoids social activities such as teaching, healing, and informing others
Realistic
Qualities of Holland’s Six Career Types:
Likes to study and solve math or science problems; generally avoids leading, selling, or persuading people
Investigative
Qualities of Holland’s Six Career Types:
Likes to do creative activities such as art, drama, crafts, dance, music, or creative writing; generally avoids highly ordered or repetitive activities
Artistic
Qualities of Holland’s Six Career Types:
Likes to do things to help people—such as teaching, nursing, or giving first aid, providing information; generally avoids using machines, tools, or animals to achieve a goal
Social
Qualities of Holland’s Six Career Types:
Likes to lead and persuade people, and to sell things and ideas; generally avoids activities that require careful observation and scientific, analytical thinking
Enterprising
Qualities of Holland’s Six Career Types:
Likes to work with numbers, records, or machines in a set, orderly way; generally avoids ambiguous, unstructured activities
Conventional
Involves feeling superior to others and seeking admiration and prestige.
Narcissism
