Chapter 8: Epidemiology and Public Health Flashcards
study of disease
epidemiology
an infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another
- hindi basta bastang nakukuha
communicable disease
is a communicable disease that is EASILY transmitted from person to person.
contagious disease
diseases that humans acquire from animal sources
zoonotic diseases or zoonoses
number of new cases of that disease in a defined population during a specific time period
incidence
number of new cases of a particular disease that occurred during a specified time period per a specifically defined population
morbidity rate
number of cases of a disease existing in a given population during a specific time period (ex. during the yr 2010, eme eme disease)
period prevalence
number of cases of a disease existing in a given population at a particular moment in time (ex. right now)
point prevalence
the ratio of the number of people who died of a particular disease during a specified time period per a specified population
mortality rate
disease that occurs only occasionally within the population of a particular geographic area (ex. tetanus)
sporadic disease
disease that is always present within the population of a particular geographic area
endemic disease
disease that is greater than usual number of cases of a disease in a particular region usually within a short period of time (ex. dengue)
epidemic disease
disease that is occurring in epidemic proportions in MANY COUNTRIES SIMULTANEOUSLY (ex covid)
pandemic
six components in infectious disease process (chain of infection)
pathogen reservoir (source of pathogen) portal of exit mode of transmission portal of entry susceptible host
sources of microbes that cause infectious diseases
reservoirs of infection/reservoirs
human carrier na hindi alam na they are carrying disease na pala
passive carriers
human carrier na di pa visible yung symptoms (asymptomatic)
incubatory carriers
human carriers na pagaling na pero they still carry residue of virus/infection
convalescent carriers
human carrier that exhibits signs and symptoms
active carriers
When arthropods are involved in the transmission of infectious diseases, they are referred to as
vectors
inanimate objects capable of transmitting pathogens
fomites
A specialized agency of the United Nations founded in 1948
WHO
caused by drancunculus medineses (guinea worm)
dracunculiasis
A federal agency administered by the U.S whose mission is “to collaborate to create the expertise, information, and tools that people and communities need to protect their health …”
- nationally notifiable diseases must be reported here
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Microbes purposely used to harm others in wartime
biological warfare (BW) agents
Pathogens used to create fear, chaos, illness, and death in situations other than war
bioterrorism agents
two general types of water pollution
chemical and bilogical pollution
Largest waterborne epidemic in the United States
1993 cryptosporidiosis epidemic in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
The major steps in water treatment
sedimentation
coagulation
filtration
chlorination
