Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Taxonomy Flashcards
where most metabolic reactions occur
Cytoplasm
discovered on the intestine by Theodore Escherich
Escherichia coli
- The main constituent of most bacterial cell walls
- main structure and cell wall of bacteria
- made up of sugar and protein
peptidoglycan
abbreviation used to designate more than one species
spp.
bunch of flagella at one side of the bacterial cell wall
lophotrichous
arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups
classification
slimy material produced by cell membrane
glycocalyx
contains lysozyme and other digestive enzymes which will degranulate phagocytized materials such as bacteria
lysosomes
example of gram (-) bacteria which causes salmonella fever
Salmonella typhii
like brush bristles; impt for attachment ; para mag attach yung bacteria sa cells natin
fimbriae
Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes, but their function is the same⎯they are the sites of protein synthesis TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
three components of eukaryotic nucleus
nucleoplasm
chromosomes
nuclear membrane
type of plastid that contains chlorophyll
chloroplasts
responsible for the synthesis of lipids; does not have ribosomes attached
Smooth ER
considered as the major virulence factor of gram (+)
teichoic acid
important for bacteria to survive in extreme conditions
spores or endospores
determines how close is the relationship of organisms
Phylogenetic Tree of Life
found in cell walls of fungi
chitin
Gram ___ bacteria have a much thinner layer of peptidoglycan
negative
bacterial cell wall is surrounded by flagella
peritrichous
semiliquid that consists of water, enzymes, waste products, nutrients, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids⎯materials required for metabolic functions.
cytoplasm
bacteria responsible for gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
time it takes for binary fission to occur
generation time
10 times smaller than eukaryotic cells ; simple compared to eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic cells
found in cell walls of algae and plants
cellulose
example of bacteria with endospores (tetanus)
Clostridium tetani
sites of protein synthesis
ribosomes
membrane-bound structures containing photosynthetic pigments ; site of photosynthesis
plastids
important for bacterial conjugation (transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another)
sex pilus
transfer of genetic material of bacteria from one bacterial cell to another
bacterial conjugation
proposed the three-domain system of classification
Karl Woes
three types of fibers
microtubules
microfilaments
intermediate filaments
a _____ nucleus consists of nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and a nuclear membrane
true nucleus
small, circular molecules of DNA that are not part of the chromosome; dictates whether a bacteria is antibiotic-resistant
plasmids
uncoils the bacterial DNA then sasabog bacterial cell
gyrase
breaks down harmful materials such as H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)
peroxisomes
Gram ___ bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan
positive
spore formation ; occurs when a bacteria encounter extreme condition
sporulation
abbreviation used to designate a single species
sp.
prevents antibiotics in entering the bacteria
porin
it is located along the chromosomes
genes
single flagellum at both ends
amphitrichous
can prevent phagocytosis
antiphagocytic function
The more similar the sequence of base pairs, the more closely related are the organisms. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
Completes the transformation of newly synthesized proteins and packages them for storage or export; outputs from ER are packed in here.
golgi apparatus or golgi complex or golgi body
- system of fibers throughout the cytoplasm
- provides framework so cells will have definite shape; also important for cell division
cytoskeleton
process of pagbalik ng vegetative cell
germination
absence of flagellum
atrichous
- pleomorphic
- do not have cell wall
mycoplasma
purpose is to sequence the RNA to prokaryotic to determine the genotypic characterization of certain microorganisms.
16S rRNA
prokaryotic cells reproduce by a process known as ____. ; one cell splits in half to become two daughter cells
binary fission
A rigid exterior that defines the shape of bacterial cells⎯chemically complex
bacterial cell wall
another term for peptidoglycan
murein
prokaryotic cells have mitochondria TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
shorter, thinner, and more numerous than flagella, and described as being “hair-like.”
cilia
fundamental unit of any living organism
cell
- found in gram (-) bacteria
- hair-like structures responsible for anchoring themselves to surfaces
pili
considered as the major virulence factor of gram (-)
LPS or Lipopolysaccharide
- has ribosomes attached to it
- responsible for protein synthesis
rough ER
normally-growing cell that forms the endospore is called a
vegetative cell
Prokaryotic chromosome usually consists of a single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
Father of Taxonomy
Carl Linnaeus
- The powerhouse of the cell
- Generates ATP by means of cellular respiration
mitochondria
type of bacterial cell layer that is highly organized and firmly connected
capsule
widely used technique for gauging diversity or relatedness of organisms
rRNA sequencing
prevents the synthesis of peptidoglycan
penicillin
semifluid, gelatinous nutrient matrix
cytosol
it is where you can find the chromosomes
nucleoplasm
science of classification of living organisms
taxonomy
hierarchy of organisms
King David Came Over For Good Spaghetti
Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
highly convoluted system of membranes arranged to form a transport network in the cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum
bacteria sa tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
type of bacterial cell layer that is loosely connected to cell wall
slime layer
single flagellum
monotrichous
science of taxonomy was established based on _______
binomial system of nomenclature (every organism is given 2 names:
1st name - genus
2nd name - specific epithet
3 domain system of classification
Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya
- long, thin, whiplike organelles of locomotion found in some eukaryotic cells
- made up of microtubules
- main function is locomotion
flagella
it is the command center of the eukaryotic cell; dictates the activity of the cell (usually cell division)
nucleus or eukaryotic nucleus
set of genes
genome
- external structure to provide shape, protection, and rigidity
- simpler in structure than prokaryotic cell walls
cell walls