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Microbiology and Parasitology > Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Taxonomy > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Taxonomy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

where most metabolic reactions occur

A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q

discovered on the intestine by Theodore Escherich

A

Escherichia coli

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3
Q
  • The main constituent of most bacterial cell walls
  • main structure and cell wall of bacteria
  • made up of sugar and protein
A

peptidoglycan

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4
Q

abbreviation used to designate more than one species

A

spp.

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5
Q

bunch of flagella at one side of the bacterial cell wall

A

lophotrichous

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6
Q

arrangement of organisms into taxonomic groups

A

classification

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7
Q

slimy material produced by cell membrane

A

glycocalyx

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8
Q

contains lysozyme and other digestive enzymes which will degranulate phagocytized materials such as bacteria

A

lysosomes

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9
Q

example of gram (-) bacteria which causes salmonella fever

A

Salmonella typhii

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10
Q

like brush bristles; impt for attachment ; para mag attach yung bacteria sa cells natin

A

fimbriae

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11
Q

Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes, but their function is the same⎯they are the sites of protein synthesis TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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12
Q

three components of eukaryotic nucleus

A

nucleoplasm
chromosomes
nuclear membrane

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13
Q

type of plastid that contains chlorophyll

A

chloroplasts

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14
Q

responsible for the synthesis of lipids; does not have ribosomes attached

A

Smooth ER

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15
Q

considered as the major virulence factor of gram (+)

A

teichoic acid

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16
Q

important for bacteria to survive in extreme conditions

A

spores or endospores

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17
Q

determines how close is the relationship of organisms

A

Phylogenetic Tree of Life

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18
Q

found in cell walls of fungi

A

chitin

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19
Q

Gram ___ bacteria have a much thinner layer of peptidoglycan

A

negative

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20
Q

bacterial cell wall is surrounded by flagella

A

peritrichous

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21
Q

semiliquid that consists of water, enzymes, waste products, nutrients, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids⎯materials required for metabolic functions.

A

cytoplasm

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22
Q

bacteria responsible for gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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23
Q

time it takes for binary fission to occur

A

generation time

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24
Q

10 times smaller than eukaryotic cells ; simple compared to eukaryotic cells

A

prokaryotic cells

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25
Q

found in cell walls of algae and plants

A

cellulose

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26
Q

example of bacteria with endospores (tetanus)

A

Clostridium tetani

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27
Q

sites of protein synthesis

A

ribosomes

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28
Q

membrane-bound structures containing photosynthetic pigments ; site of photosynthesis

A

plastids

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29
Q

important for bacterial conjugation (transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another)

A

sex pilus

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30
Q

transfer of genetic material of bacteria from one bacterial cell to another

A

bacterial conjugation

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31
Q

proposed the three-domain system of classification

A

Karl Woes

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32
Q

three types of fibers

A

microtubules
microfilaments
intermediate filaments

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33
Q

a _____ nucleus consists of nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and a nuclear membrane

A

true nucleus

34
Q

small, circular molecules of DNA that are not part of the chromosome; dictates whether a bacteria is antibiotic-resistant

A

plasmids

35
Q

uncoils the bacterial DNA then sasabog bacterial cell

A

gyrase

36
Q

breaks down harmful materials such as H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide)

A

peroxisomes

37
Q

Gram ___ bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan

A

positive

38
Q

spore formation ; occurs when a bacteria encounter extreme condition

A

sporulation

39
Q

abbreviation used to designate a single species

A

sp.

40
Q

prevents antibiotics in entering the bacteria

A

porin

41
Q

it is located along the chromosomes

A

genes

42
Q

single flagellum at both ends

A

amphitrichous

43
Q

can prevent phagocytosis

A

antiphagocytic function

44
Q

The more similar the sequence of base pairs, the more closely related are the organisms. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

45
Q

Completes the transformation of newly synthesized proteins and packages them for storage or export; outputs from ER are packed in here.

A

golgi apparatus or golgi complex or golgi body

46
Q
  • system of fibers throughout the cytoplasm

- provides framework so cells will have definite shape; also important for cell division

A

cytoskeleton

47
Q

process of pagbalik ng vegetative cell

A

germination

48
Q

absence of flagellum

A

atrichous

49
Q
  • pleomorphic

- do not have cell wall

A

mycoplasma

50
Q

purpose is to sequence the RNA to prokaryotic to determine the genotypic characterization of certain microorganisms.

A

16S rRNA

51
Q

prokaryotic cells reproduce by a process known as ____. ; one cell splits in half to become two daughter cells

A

binary fission

52
Q

A rigid exterior that defines the shape of bacterial cells⎯chemically complex

A

bacterial cell wall

53
Q

another term for peptidoglycan

A

murein

54
Q

prokaryotic cells have mitochondria TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE

55
Q

shorter, thinner, and more numerous than flagella, and described as being “hair-like.”

A

cilia

56
Q

fundamental unit of any living organism

A

cell

57
Q
  • found in gram (-) bacteria

- hair-like structures responsible for anchoring themselves to surfaces

A

pili

58
Q

considered as the major virulence factor of gram (-)

A

LPS or Lipopolysaccharide

59
Q
  • has ribosomes attached to it

- responsible for protein synthesis

A

rough ER

60
Q

normally-growing cell that forms the endospore is called a

A

vegetative cell

61
Q

Prokaryotic chromosome usually consists of a single, long, supercoiled, circular DNA molecule TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

62
Q

Father of Taxonomy

A

Carl Linnaeus

63
Q
  • The powerhouse of the cell

- Generates ATP by means of cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

64
Q

type of bacterial cell layer that is highly organized and firmly connected

A

capsule

65
Q

widely used technique for gauging diversity or relatedness of organisms

A

rRNA sequencing

66
Q

prevents the synthesis of peptidoglycan

A

penicillin

67
Q

semifluid, gelatinous nutrient matrix

A

cytosol

68
Q

it is where you can find the chromosomes

A

nucleoplasm

69
Q

science of classification of living organisms

A

taxonomy

70
Q

hierarchy of organisms

A

King David Came Over For Good Spaghetti

Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

71
Q

highly convoluted system of membranes arranged to form a transport network in the cytoplasm

A

endoplasmic reticulum

72
Q

bacteria sa tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

73
Q

type of bacterial cell layer that is loosely connected to cell wall

A

slime layer

74
Q

single flagellum

A

monotrichous

75
Q

science of taxonomy was established based on _______

A

binomial system of nomenclature (every organism is given 2 names:
1st name - genus
2nd name - specific epithet

76
Q

3 domain system of classification

A

Archaea, Eubacteria, Eukarya

77
Q
  • long, thin, whiplike organelles of locomotion found in some eukaryotic cells
  • made up of microtubules
  • main function is locomotion
A

flagella

78
Q

it is the command center of the eukaryotic cell; dictates the activity of the cell (usually cell division)

A

nucleus or eukaryotic nucleus

79
Q

set of genes

A

genome

80
Q
  • external structure to provide shape, protection, and rigidity
  • simpler in structure than prokaryotic cell walls
A

cell walls

Microbiology and Parasitology (10 decks)

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