Chapter 7: Controlling microbial growth IN VIVO Flashcards
use of any chemical or drug to treat any disease or condition
chemotherapy
any drug used to treat any condition or disease
chemotherapeutic agent
any chemical or drug used to treat an INFECTIOUS disease caused by microbes, by inhibiting (stopping the growth) or killing the pathogens in vivo
antimicrobial agent
drugs used to treat bacterial diseases
antibacterial agents
drugs used to treat fungal disease (mycoses)
antifungal agents
drugs used to treat protozoal diseases
antiprotozoal agents
drugs used to treat viral diseases
antiviral agents
substance produced by a microorganism that kills or inhibits the growth of other microorganisms
antibiotic
antibiotic that came from one organism and will inhibit other microorganisms
natural antibiotics
antibiotics that have been chemically modified to kill a wider variety of pathogens or reduce side effects
semisynthetic antibiotics
discovered penicillin from Penicillium notatum (mould)
Alexander Fleming
inhibits the growth of bacteria
bacteriostatic drugs
kills bacteria
bactericidal drugs
a bacteriostatic drug that inhibit the production of folic acid needed by bacteria that require p-aminobenzoic acid to synthesize folic acid (without folic acid bacteria can’t produce certain nutrients and will die)
sulfonamide drugs
drug that interferes with the synthesis of peptidoglycan (usually in gram+ bacteria) and destroys the bacteria
penicillin
antibiotics with limited effects
ex. colistin and nalidixic acid which destroys only gram - bacteria
narrow-spectrum antibiotics
destructive to both gram + and -
ex. ampicillin, tetracycline
broad-spectrum antibiotics
combining one antibiotics to another
multidrug therapy
two antimicrobial agents are used together to produce a degree of pathogen killing that is greater than that achieved by either drug alone
synergism
when two drugs actually work against each other
antagonism
ex. of bactericidal and interferes with cell wall synthesis
penicillins and cephalosporins
bacteriostatic; inhibit protein synthesis
tetracyclines
bactericidal; inhibit protein synthesis
aminoglycosides
bacteriostatic at lower doses; bactericidal at higher doses; inhibit protein synthesis
macrolides