chapter 1&2 recit review Flashcards

1
Q

study of microbes (extremely small organisms)

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

infectious

A

acellular

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3
Q

living microbes (unicellular / single-celled)

A

cellular microbes

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4
Q

infectious proteinaceous molecules (made up of protein)

A

Prions

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5
Q

Obligate intracellular parasite

  • can’t live outside the body
  • needs a living host in order to survive and replicate
A

Viruses

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6
Q

Prions and viruses

A

Acellular infectious agents

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7
Q

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

A

Cellular microorganisms

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8
Q
  • has primitive nucleus (walang nuclear membrane)

- bacteria and archaebacteria

A

Prokaryotes

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9
Q
  • true nucleus (may nuclear membrane)

- algae, fungi, protozoa

A

Eukaryote

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10
Q

difference between bacteria and archaebacteria

A
  • bacteria has cell wall and archaebacteria does not have a cell wall
  • archaebacteria do not have cell wall kaya they live in extreme environments
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11
Q

type of archaebacteria that can produce methane

A

methanogens

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12
Q

type of archaebacteria that lives in extremely high temperature

A

extremely thermophilic

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13
Q

type of archaebacteria that requires high salt concentration

A

extremely halophilic

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14
Q

microbes that can cause diseases

A

pathogens / germs

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15
Q

helpful and is NOT capable of causing diseases

A

non-pathogens

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16
Q

microbes that live on and in our bodies; some are opportunistic pathogens

A

indigenous or normal microbiota

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17
Q

can take advantage of hosts with WEAK immune system such as people undergoing chemo, kidney transplant, immunocompromised

  • can cause disease pero hindi sa mga tao with NORMAL immune system
  • they wait for the right opportunity to cause disease
A

Opportunistic pathogens

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18
Q

category of disease caused by pathogens in which a pathogen COLONIZES a person’s body then causes disease
ex: MRSA infection (resistant to several antibiotics)
Gas gangene - caused by clostridium perfringens

A

Infectious disease

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19
Q

category of disease caused by pathogens in which a pathogen PRODUCES TOXIN in vitro (outside the body) then a person ingests the toxin which causes disease

ex: Staphylococcal food poisoning - nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps
Foodborne botulism - deadly ( caused by botulinum toxin which is most potent than venom)

A

Microbial Intoxication

20
Q

microorganisms that live on dead or decaying organic matter (ex. fungi - mushroom)

A

Saprophytes

21
Q

Cleaning up of toxic waste / industrial waste by microorganisms

ex. some microorganisms in the ocean clean toxic/industrial waste

A

bioremediation

22
Q

use of living organisms or their derivatives to make or modify useful products or processes

A

biotechnology

23
Q

archaebacteria and cyanobacteria

A

first microorganisms on earth

24
Q

experimented on chicken broth but failed to sterilize the equipment kaya chicken broth is already contaminated even before the process

A

John Needham (Spontaneous Generation Theory)

25
proved that maggots did not come from a piece of meat
Francesco Redi
26
able to disprove SGT ; father of microbiology - investigated different fermentation products - discovered life forms that could exist without oxygen (anaerobes)
Louis Pasteur (Swan Neck Experiment)
27
application of enough heat to kill pathogens
pasteurization process
28
germ theory of disease (Koch's Postulate) discovered bacillus anthracis - cultivate bacteria
Robert Koch
29
- if an organism fulfills koch's postulate, it is proven to be the cause of a particular infectious disease. - proved that for every disease, there is a causative agent and can be transmitted
Koch's postulate
30
unit for microorganisms except for viruses
micrometers = 1 millionth of a meter
31
unit for viruses (too small to be seen in light microscope)
nanometer = 1B meter
32
resolving power of human eye
0.2 mm
33
Father of microscope | - called microorganisms as animalcules
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
34
Only one magnifying lens | - magnify up to 3 to 20 times
Simple microscope
35
more than one magnifying lens
Compound microscope
36
compound microscope that needs visible light for illumination
Light microscope
37
microscope used in objects observed in bright background
brightfield microscope
38
microscope used in objects observed in dark background (for colorless microbes) - uses isothiocyanate dye
darkfield microscope
39
microscopes for unstained living microorganisms | - uses supravital stain for counting platelets
Phase-contrast microscope
40
has built in uv light (glow in the dark)
Flourescent microscopes
41
microscope used in extremely small microbes such as rabies and viruses up to 0.2 nanometer electron beam - used as source of illumination
electron microscopes
42
observe the ultrastructure (structure ng loob) of a microorganism
transmission electron microscope
43
observe the outer surface of a specimen (3D image)
scanning electron microscope
44
helps in maintaining normal microbiota gastrointestinal tract
Lactobacilli shirota strain
45
bacteria that can produce anthrax; infection happens when humans come in direct or indirect contact with infected animals
Bacillus anthracis