chapter 1&2 recit review

Question 1

study of microbes (extremely small organisms)

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

infectious

Answer 2

acellular

Question 3

living microbes (unicellular / single-celled)

Answer 3

cellular microbes

Question 4

infectious proteinaceous molecules (made up of protein)

Answer 4

Prions

Question 5

Obligate intracellular parasite

• can’t live outside the body
• needs a living host in order to survive and replicate

Answer 5

Viruses

Question 6

Prions and viruses

Answer 6

Acellular infectious agents

Question 7

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Answer 7

Cellular microorganisms

Question 8

• has primitive nucleus (walang nuclear membrane)

- bacteria and archaebacteria

Answer 8

Prokaryotes

Question 9

• true nucleus (may nuclear membrane)

- algae, fungi, protozoa

Answer 9

Eukaryote

Question 10

difference between bacteria and archaebacteria

Answer 10

• bacteria has cell wall and archaebacteria does not have a cell wall
• archaebacteria do not have cell wall kaya they live in extreme environments

Question 11

type of archaebacteria that can produce methane

Answer 11

methanogens

Question 12

type of archaebacteria that lives in extremely high temperature

Answer 12

extremely thermophilic

Question 13

type of archaebacteria that requires high salt concentration

Answer 13

extremely halophilic

Question 14

microbes that can cause diseases

Answer 14

pathogens / germs

Question 15

helpful and is NOT capable of causing diseases

Answer 15

non-pathogens

Question 16

microbes that live on and in our bodies; some are opportunistic pathogens

Answer 16

indigenous or normal microbiota

Question 17

can take advantage of hosts with WEAK immune system such as people undergoing chemo, kidney transplant, immunocompromised

• can cause disease pero hindi sa mga tao with NORMAL immune system
• they wait for the right opportunity to cause disease

Answer 17

Opportunistic pathogens

Question 18

category of disease caused by pathogens in which a pathogen COLONIZES a person’s body then causes disease
ex: MRSA infection (resistant to several antibiotics)
Gas gangene - caused by clostridium perfringens

Answer 18

Infectious disease

Question 19

category of disease caused by pathogens in which a pathogen PRODUCES TOXIN in vitro (outside the body) then a person ingests the toxin which causes disease

ex: Staphylococcal food poisoning - nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps
Foodborne botulism - deadly ( caused by botulinum toxin which is most potent than venom)

Answer 19

Microbial Intoxication

Question 20

microorganisms that live on dead or decaying organic matter (ex. fungi - mushroom)

Answer 20

Saprophytes

Question 21

Cleaning up of toxic waste / industrial waste by microorganisms

ex. some microorganisms in the ocean clean toxic/industrial waste

Answer 21

bioremediation

Question 22

use of living organisms or their derivatives to make or modify useful products or processes

Answer 22

biotechnology

Question 23

archaebacteria and cyanobacteria

Answer 23

first microorganisms on earth

Question 24

experimented on chicken broth but failed to sterilize the equipment kaya chicken broth is already contaminated even before the process

Answer 24

John Needham (Spontaneous Generation Theory)

Question 25

proved that maggots did not come from a piece of meat

Answer 25

Francesco Redi

Question 26

able to disprove SGT ; father of microbiology

• investigated different fermentation products
• discovered life forms that could exist without oxygen (anaerobes)

Answer 26

Louis Pasteur (Swan Neck Experiment)

Question 27

application of enough heat to kill pathogens

Answer 27

pasteurization process

Question 28

germ theory of disease (Koch’s Postulate)
discovered bacillus anthracis
- cultivate bacteria

Answer 28

Robert Koch

Question 29

• if an organism fulfills koch’s postulate, it is proven to be the cause of a particular infectious disease.
• proved that for every disease, there is a causative agent and can be transmitted

Answer 29

Koch’s postulate

Question 30

unit for microorganisms except for viruses

Answer 30

micrometers = 1 millionth of a meter

Question 31

unit for viruses (too small to be seen in light microscope)

Answer 31

nanometer = 1B meter

Question 32

resolving power of human eye

Answer 32

0.2 mm

Question 33

Father of microscope

- called microorganisms as animalcules

Answer 33

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Question 34

Only one magnifying lens

- magnify up to 3 to 20 times

Answer 34

Simple microscope

Question 35

more than one magnifying lens

Answer 35

Compound microscope

Question 36

compound microscope that needs visible light for illumination

Answer 36

Light microscope

Question 37

microscope used in objects observed in bright background

Answer 37

brightfield microscope

Question 38

microscope used in objects observed in dark background (for colorless microbes)
- uses isothiocyanate dye

Answer 38

darkfield microscope

Question 39

microscopes for unstained living microorganisms

- uses supravital stain for counting platelets

Answer 39

Phase-contrast microscope

Question 40

has built in uv light (glow in the dark)

Answer 40

Flourescent microscopes

Question 41

microscope used in extremely small microbes such as rabies and viruses up to 0.2 nanometer

electron beam - used as source of illumination

Answer 41

electron microscopes

Question 42

observe the ultrastructure (structure ng loob) of a microorganism

Answer 42

transmission electron microscope

Question 43

observe the outer surface of a specimen (3D image)

Answer 43

scanning electron microscope

Question 44

helps in maintaining normal microbiota gastrointestinal tract

Answer 44

Lactobacilli shirota strain

Question 45

bacteria that can produce anthrax; infection happens when humans come in direct or
indirect contact with infected animals

Answer 45

Bacillus anthracis