Chapter 4: Microbial Diversity (Acellular and Prokaryotic Microbes)

Question 1

microbes can be divided into those that are truly cellular (bacteria, protozoa, algae, etc) and those that are acellular (viruses, etc) TRUE OR FALSE?

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

cellular microbes (microorganisms) can be divided into those that are prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea) and those that are eukaryotic (algae, protozoa, fungi)

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

viruses, viroids, and prions are often referred to as ??

Answer 3

acellular microbes or infectious particles

Question 4

complete virus particles

Answer 4

virions

Question 5

virus may consist EITHER DNA or RNA

- they can only possess 1 nucleic acid T OR F

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

coronavirus is an example of ___ virus

Answer 6

RNA

Question 7

protein coat and is composed of a protein subunit called capsomere

Answer 7

capsid

Question 8

protein subunit of a capsid

Answer 8

capsomere

Question 9

in this test, we detect the viral capsid or the viral protein of a virus

Answer 9

antigen test

Question 10

detects if you have a nucleic acid of a virus inside your cells

Answer 10

RT-PCR

Question 11

some viruses have an outer envelope composed of ???

Answer 11

lipids and polysaccharides

Question 12

a term that describes the incapability of a virus to replicate on its own

Answer 12

obligate intracellular parasite

Question 13

viruses divide by means of ???

Answer 13

protein synthesis

Question 14

another term for viruses because they can pass thru bacteriological filter

Answer 14

filterable agents

Question 15

HIV

Answer 15

retrovirus

Question 16

RABIES

Answer 16

rhabdoviruses

Question 17

FLU

Answer 17

orthomyxoviruses

Question 18

important for infectivity

Answer 18

nucleic acid

Question 19

• lipid enclosed
• nonviral coded (hindi virus yung nag produce)
• came from the host’s cell membrane

Answer 19

Enveloped virus

Question 20

envelope is formed through ___

Answer 20

Budding

Question 21

4 categories of viruses

Answer 21

double-stranded DNA and RNA

single-stranded DNA and RNA

Question 22

• viruses that infect bacteria

- can kill pathogenic bacteria such as staphylococcus which is antibiotic-resistant

Answer 22

bacteriophages

Question 23

can cause lytic cycle which destroys bacterial cell

Answer 23

virulent bacteriophages

Question 24

will not cause destruction of the bacterial cell but it will divide inside the bacterial cell

Answer 24

temperate bacteriophages

Question 25

destruction of cell

Answer 25

lytic cycle or lysis of cell

Question 26

life cycle of virulent bacteriophages

Answer 26

lytic cycle

Question 27

life cycle of temperate bacteriophages

Answer 27

lysogenic

Question 28

five steps in the lytic cycle

Answer 28

``` attachment penetration biosynthesis assembly release ```

Question 29

viruses that can infect animals and humans

Answer 29

animal viruses

Question 30

viruses that escape by budding become ____

Answer 30

enveloped viruses

Question 31

can remain hidden from the immune system by entering the cells and remaining dormant

Answer 31

latent virus infections

Question 32

latent infection of chicken pox

Answer 32

shingles

Question 33

for viral infection ; drugs that are used to treat viral infections

Answer 33

antiviral agents

Question 34

antibacterial; not effective against viral infections

Answer 34

antibiotics

Question 35

viruses that cause cancer

Answer 35

oncogenic viruses or oncoviruses

Question 36

infectious mononucleosis

Answer 36

Epstein-Barr virus

Question 37

leukemia

Answer 37

type 1 (HTLV-1)

Question 38

enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus which targets the CD4+ cells; causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 38

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

Question 39

converts RNA to DNA

Answer 39

Reverse transcriptase

Question 40

short, naked fragments of single-stranded RNA which can interfere with the METABOLISM of plant cells; transmitted between plants

Answer 40

viroids