Chapter 4: Microbial Diversity (Acellular and Prokaryotic Microbes) Flashcards

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1
Q

microbes can be divided into those that are truly cellular (bacteria, protozoa, algae, etc) and those that are acellular (viruses, etc) TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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2
Q

cellular microbes (microorganisms) can be divided into those that are prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea) and those that are eukaryotic (algae, protozoa, fungi)

A

TRUE

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3
Q

viruses, viroids, and prions are often referred to as ??

A

acellular microbes or infectious particles

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4
Q

complete virus particles

A

virions

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5
Q

virus may consist EITHER DNA or RNA

- they can only possess 1 nucleic acid T OR F

A

TRUE

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6
Q

coronavirus is an example of ___ virus

A

RNA

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7
Q

protein coat and is composed of a protein subunit called capsomere

A

capsid

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8
Q

protein subunit of a capsid

A

capsomere

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9
Q

in this test, we detect the viral capsid or the viral protein of a virus

A

antigen test

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10
Q

detects if you have a nucleic acid of a virus inside your cells

A

RT-PCR

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11
Q

some viruses have an outer envelope composed of ???

A

lipids and polysaccharides

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12
Q

a term that describes the incapability of a virus to replicate on its own

A

obligate intracellular parasite

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13
Q

viruses divide by means of ???

A

protein synthesis

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14
Q

another term for viruses because they can pass thru bacteriological filter

A

filterable agents

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15
Q

HIV

A

retrovirus

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16
Q

RABIES

A

rhabdoviruses

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17
Q

FLU

A

orthomyxoviruses

18
Q

important for infectivity

A

nucleic acid

19
Q
  • lipid enclosed
  • nonviral coded (hindi virus yung nag produce)
  • came from the host’s cell membrane
A

Enveloped virus

20
Q

envelope is formed through ___

A

Budding

21
Q

4 categories of viruses

A

double-stranded DNA and RNA

single-stranded DNA and RNA

22
Q
  • viruses that infect bacteria

- can kill pathogenic bacteria such as staphylococcus which is antibiotic-resistant

A

bacteriophages

23
Q

can cause lytic cycle which destroys bacterial cell

A

virulent bacteriophages

24
Q

will not cause destruction of the bacterial cell but it will divide inside the bacterial cell

A

temperate bacteriophages

25
Q

destruction of cell

A

lytic cycle or lysis of cell

26
Q

life cycle of virulent bacteriophages

A

lytic cycle

27
Q

life cycle of temperate bacteriophages

A

lysogenic

28
Q

five steps in the lytic cycle

A
attachment
penetration
biosynthesis
assembly
release
29
Q

viruses that can infect animals and humans

A

animal viruses

30
Q

viruses that escape by budding become ____

A

enveloped viruses

31
Q

can remain hidden from the immune system by entering the cells and remaining dormant

A

latent virus infections

32
Q

latent infection of chicken pox

A

shingles

33
Q

for viral infection ; drugs that are used to treat viral infections

A

antiviral agents

34
Q

antibacterial; not effective against viral infections

A

antibiotics

35
Q

viruses that cause cancer

A

oncogenic viruses or oncoviruses

36
Q

infectious mononucleosis

A

Epstein-Barr virus

37
Q

leukemia

A

type 1 (HTLV-1)

38
Q

enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus which targets the CD4+ cells; causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

39
Q

converts RNA to DNA

A

Reverse transcriptase

40
Q

short, naked fragments of single-stranded RNA which can interfere with the METABOLISM of plant cells; transmitted between plants

A

viroids