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Microbiology and Parasitology > Chapter 4 pt.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 pt.2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

small infectious proteins that cause fatal neurologic diseases in animals and humans

A

prions aka infectious proteinaceous molecule

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2
Q

of all pathogens, ______ are the most resistant to disinfectants

A

prions

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3
Q

characteristics that can be manifested or is visible physically

A

phenotypic

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4
Q

bacteria that requires CO2

A

atmospheric requirements

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5
Q

round bacteria

A

cocci

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6
Q

rod-shaped bacteria

A

bacilli

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7
Q

spiral-shaped

A

spirochetes

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8
Q

comma-shaped

A

vibrio

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9
Q

ex. of a coffee bean-shaped diplococci

A

Neisseria gonorrhoaea

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10
Q

cocci in pairs

A

diplococci

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11
Q

cocci in chains

A

streptococci

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12
Q

cocci in clusters (grape-like clusters)

A

staphylococci

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13
Q

cocci in packets of 4

A

tetrads

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14
Q

cocci in packets of 8

A

octads

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15
Q

often referred to as rods

A

bacilli

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16
Q

bacilli in pairs

A

diplobacilli

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17
Q

bacilli in chains

A

streptobacilli

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18
Q

bacilli that are extremely small

A

coccobacilli

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19
Q

comma-shaped bacillus

A

vibrio

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20
Q

example of spirochete and is the causative agent of syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

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21
Q

ex of a spiral-shaped bacteria; the causative agent of relapsing fever

A

Borrelia hermsii

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22
Q

type of staining procedure that consists of only one dye; whatever the color of the stain shall be imparted to the bacteria

A

simple straining procedure

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23
Q

special stain; will stain the special structure of the bacteria such as the capsule, endospore, and flagella

A

structural staining procedure

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24
Q

uses two dyes and categorizes bacteria whether it is gram (-) or gram (+) and if acid-fast bacilli or non-acid-fast bacilli

A

differential staining procedures

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25
Q

its purpose is to kill the microorganisms and preserve their morphology

A

fixation process

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26
Q

the technique of fixation wherein heat will distort bacterial morphology

A

heat fixation

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27
Q

the standardized technique of fixation and the preferred method because it will not distort the bacterial morphology

A

methanol fixation

28
Q

most popular staining in microorganisms as it can divide bacteria from gram (-) and gram (+)

A

gram staining procedure

29
Q

primary stain for gram staining

A

crystal violet

30
Q

mordant that will accentuate the crystal-violet

A

iodine complex

31
Q

counterstain (ilalagay sa mga naging colorless na gram (-) bacteria kaya magiging reddish pink)

A

safranin

32
Q

causative agent of Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

33
Q

bacteria that are neither consistently purple nor pink after gram staining bc of its mycolic acid as their cell wall

A

gram-variable bacteria

34
Q

ex of gram-variable bacteria that is difficult to stain in gram stain because of mycolic acid as the cell wall

A

Mycobacterium

35
Q

gram-variable bacteria such as mycobacterium are often identified using ____

A

acid-fast stain

36
Q

utilizes carbol fuchsin as the primary stain and uses heat that will soften the wax of the mycolic acid

A

acid-fast stain

37
Q

organisms that resists decolorization by acid alcohol

A

acid-fast

38
Q

pag maraming bacilli = may tuberculosis TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

39
Q

if a bacterium can “swim” it is said to be MOTILE true or false

A

TRUE

40
Q

BACTERIAL MOTILITY IS MOST OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH _____

A

flagella

41
Q

cocci are generally nonmotile T OR F

A

true

42
Q

contains millions of microorganism

A

colony

43
Q

an important clue to the identification (speciation) of bacteria

A

colony morphology

44
Q

organisms that grow best in the presence of increased concentrations of CO2

A

capnophilic organisms

45
Q

bacteria that don’t grow in the presence of oxygen

  • oxygen such as H2O2 is toxic for them
  • ex. clostridium
A

obligate anaerobes

46
Q

bacteria that live in the presence of O2
- ex mycobacterium tuberculosis that resides in our lungs
- they can live with O2 bc they have the enzyme system:
superoxide dismutase - can destroy superoxide radicals toxic for bacteria
catalase - will hydrolyze H2O2

A

obligate aerobes

47
Q

fundamentally anaerobic but may live in the presence of O2

A

aerotolerant anaerobes

48
Q

requires only a small amount of O2 for growth

- too much O2 will saturate them

A

microaerophiles

49
Q

fundamentally aerobic but may live in the ABSENCE of O2

A

facultative anaerobes

50
Q

will support both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria

  • obligate aerobes -> surface
  • obligate anaerobes -> bottom of the tube
A

Thioglycollate broth (THIO)

51
Q

organisms with especially demanding nutritional requirements

A

fastidious

52
Q

can produce coagulase

A

staphylococci

53
Q

can produce streptokinase that can dissolve blood clot

A

streptococci

54
Q

causative agent for cholera

A

vibrio cholerae

55
Q

prevents phagocytosis

A

capsules

56
Q

bacterias that are obligate intracellular pathogens (can’t survive without a living host)

A

rickettsias and chlamydias

57
Q

causes typhus fever and have leaky membrane

A

rickettsia

58
Q

are energy parasites (uses ATP molecules produced by the host cells to perform metabolic functions)

A

chlamydia

59
Q

smallest of the cellular microbes and are pleomorphic

A

mycoplasma

60
Q

in humans, pathogenic mycoplasmas cause ___

A

primary atypical pneumonia

61
Q

mycoplasmas are resistant to drugs like penicillin that attacks cell wall T or F

A

true bc they don’t have cell wall

62
Q

photosynthesis that produces oxygen

A

oxygenic photosynthesis

63
Q

photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen

A

anoxygenic photosynthesis

64
Q

archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria t or f

A

true

65
Q

archaea possess cell walls but their cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan t or f

A

true

Microbiology and Parasitology (10 decks)

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