Chapter 8 (Ecology And Health)

Question 1

What happens if there is Exhaustion of Fresh water
-CAUSE+IMPACTS ON HEALTH-

Answer 1

Water scarcity:
- Life threatening
- Poor hygiene

Lack sanitation:
- water-related diseases (e.g. malaria and diarrhea)

Pollution:
- Poisoning
- Cancers

Question 2

What happens if there is Exhaustion of Food
-CAUSE+IMPACTS ON HEALTH-

Answer 2

Uneven distribution:
(Poor countries)
- Food shortage
- Insufficient protein and calories to meet minimum requirements
(Rich countries)
- consuming diets that are higher in energy and lower in a variety of fruit and vegetables

Increasing demand for livestock products:
- Outbreaks of infectious diseases like SARS and avian flu

Question 3

What happens if there is Exhaustion of Timber
-CAUSE+IMPACTS ON HEALTH-

Answer 3

Deforestation:
- Exposure to infectious diseases (e.g. malaria) among workers and families in the Amazon rainforest

Shortage of wood supply:
- increased vulnerability to illness from exposure to cold
- increased vulnerability to food and water-born diseases from improper heating of food and water

Question 4

What Impacts on health does Climatic Changes has

Answer 4

Rise in sea temperature:
- Induce water-borne infectious diseases

Extreme weather events (such as heatwaves):
- Risks from mild syncope to fatal heat stroke

Global warming:
- Alter the pattern of exposure of vector-borne infections include malaria and dengue fever

Question 5

What Impacts on health does Natural disasters has

Answer 5

Physical:
- Physical injury, Deficiency in nutrition, infectious diseases due to crowding of survivors

Mental:
- Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Social:
- breakdown of social network in some cases

Question 6

5 Forms of Pollution and their impact on health
-SOURSES+PATHS +IMPACT ON HEALTH-

Answer 6

Chemical Pollution:
SOURSES
- Food
- Vegetables with pesticide residue
- Chemicals for use in industry
PATHS
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Skin
IMPACT ON HEALTH
- some toxic substances accumulated in various tissues and organs in different body systems

Radiation Pollution:
SOURSES
- Natural Radiation (everywhere in the universe)
- In a nuclear accident (e.g. x-rays / radionuclides)
PATHS
- Plume exposure pathway
- inhalation
- Ingestion pathway (intake of contaminated water / food)
IMPACT ON HEALTH
- risks of anemia and cancer

Water Pollution:
SOURSES
- Industrial waste water contaminates underground water
- Oil slicks killing the fish
- Directly discharge waste water after domestic use
- Animal waste
PATHS
- Contamination in food chain
IMPACT ON HEALTH
- transmitting pathogens causing typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera and parasitic worms

Noise Pollution:
SOURSES
- Transportation (cars, trains, buses and subways)
- Manufacturing or industry
PATHS
- continued exposure to noise
IMPACT ON HEALTH
- damage of hearing, neurasthenia, unable to concentrate

Air Pollution:
SOURSES
- Local street-level pollution from motor vehicles
- Industry and power plants
PATHS
- Inhalation of air pollutants
IMPACT ON HEALTH
- risk of respiratory illnesses such as asthma, pneumonia, and bronchitis

Question 7

Actions at 3 different levels
-LEVEL+DEFINITION+EXAMPLE-

Answer 7

Individual :
- Personal roles in protecting the environment
(E.g. resource conservation, 4R - reduce, reuse, recycle and replace)

Society:
-Government roles in the protecting the environment
(E.g. (1) legislation, promotion (campaigns related to cleanliness and hygiene) (2)Control of pollutants, industrial waste, food safety)

Global :
- Relationships between developed and developing nations and societies
(E.g. (1) Emission of Carbon Dioxide (2) Electronic Wastes)
- The WHO approach to health promotion and illness prevention
(E.g. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice and equity)