Chapter 4 (Mental Well-being) Flashcards
What is mental health
A state of well-being in which individual realizes own potential, can cope with stress in life, can work productively, and is able to make a contribution to community
What good mental health does to different health aspects
Physical aspect:
(Biological Perspective)
- Free from diseases related to the central nervous system/ affect one’s emotions or thinking
Mental aspect:
(Psychological Perspective)
- Able to understand himself, meet the needs of daily life/ achieve personal ideals, prevent stress/ develop a healthy self-concept
Social aspect:
(Social / Cultural Perspective)
- Able to adapt to the social environment, understand the society/social culture,contribute to society
Factors that affect mental health
- Biological Perspective
- Mind and body are connected as a holistic system
- Emotions and memory are managed by brain - Psychological Perspective
- Experience in personal development
- Self-concept - Social Perspective
- Family, community, society and culture etc.
- Social / economic changes / welfare system etc
How to maintain a good mental health
-ASPECTS-
Physical:
- Sleep
- Exercise
- Diet
Mental:
- Identify/express emotions
Social:
- Social networks become important for problem solving
What is stress
Stress is the physiological, emotional and behavioural reactions to a particular stressor, when the existing resources are not sufficient to cope with the external demand
Types of stress
- Eustress
- a positive form of stress, usually related to desirable events in a person’s life - Distress
- a negative form of stress, usually related to keeping people from doing the things they need to do or cause discomfort
Name three Stressors causing from our environment
-EXAMPLE-
- Disastrous Events
- Plane crash (Malaysia Airlines)
- Earthquake (nuclear disaster in Japan) - Life Events
- Marriage
- Death of a close family member
- Personal injury or illness - Physical Environment
- Noise pollution and crowded living conditions
• Work pressure (long working hours/ heavy work load / nature of work )
3 types of Stress Reactions
-EXAMPLES-
- Psychological reaction
- The feeling of tension - Behavioural reaction
- Nail biting, eye blinking, and body movements(pacing) - Physiological reaction
- Heavy breathing, trembling, perspiration(sweating) and muscle tension
The impact stress has on health
Physical:
- Lower the body immunity which increases the risk of contracting infectious disease
- Develop health risk behaviors (smoking, drug abuse, or overeating to temporarily relieve stress)
Mental:
- Thinking and memory reaction (deterioration in memory and concentration)
- Emotional reaction (Fear /Grief and depression/Burn out/Anger)
Social:
- The ways in which people interact changes
- Trigger attacks or different forms of family violence because of anger etc
2 Strategies for coping with stress
-EXAMPLES-
- Coping with problem
- Directly dealing with stressors
- Social support
- Applying problem solving skills - Coping with emotion
- Use strategies to relieve emotions (crying/positive humour)
- Use positive thinking
- Learn to accept the unchangeable fact
4 Types of mental problems/disorders
- Depression
- Presence of persistent depressed mood, lack of interest or motivation and negative thinking - Phobia
- Excessive or irrational fear to a particular object or situation - Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
- Intrusive memory of the traumatic event and hyper-arousal symptoms (easily startled/difficulty in sleeping)
- Delusion / hallucinations etc - Schizophrenia
- Disturbance of thinking and perception
3 Possible impact of poor mental health and stress
- Suicide
- The risk of suicide attempts is higher among those with depression - Productivity / efficiency loss
- Unable to cope with stress in normal life and work effectively - Burden on family members
- Taking care of a mental patient is a major stressor
- Caregivers may need to quit their jobs
- Conflicts between the patients and family members
- Tackling discrimination
3 process of suicide
- Parasuicide
- Not have intention to terminate the life
- Intend to seek help in pain and frustration
- A signal of seeking help when a problem arises - Signs (feeling stressed and depressed)
- Making a direct statement about killing themselves
- Loss of interest in personal appearance
- Family and social withdrawal
- Concentration on issues related to death - Suicide prevention
- Be aware of the suicide prevention hotlines
- Knowing how to deal with people who are frustrated
- Establishing a support network
- Be alert and knowing how to deal with warning signs
4 Rehabilitation ways
- Deinstitutionalization
- Long-term hospitalization - dependency and social withdrawal / adaptation problems of reintegration after long term segregation
- Release of hospitalized patients into the community - closer contact with families and the community - Rehabilitation service
- Hospital Authority: in-patient – e.g. occupational therapists; out-patient – e.g. community psychiatric services
- NGOs – e.g. sheltered workshops, halfway houses - Family care and support
- Care – (1) help patients to follow the treatment and medication; (2) take care of the patients in daily lives
- Emotional support - Integration into the community
- Self-help groups
- Training on social skills and living skills
- Vocational training
