Chapter 8 DNA Vocab

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Contains genetic information of an organism. Is essential in reproducing ACGT.

Question 2

RNA

Answer 2

Ribonucleic Acid. ACGU.

Question 3

Codon

Answer 3

3 letters of the mRNA that specifies which amino acid tRNA should receive.

Question 4

Anticodon

Answer 4

3 letters at the bottom of the tRNA thats complementary to a codon on the mRNA. (bonds with it)

Question 5

mRNA

Answer 5

Messenger RNA. A strand made up of complementary nucleotides of DNA. Transcription. Made by RNA polymerase.

Question 6

rRNA

Answer 6

Ribosomal RNA. To translate information from the mRNA strand for protein synthesis. (tells tRNA which is a codon)

Question 7

tRNA

Answer 7

Transfer RNA. Decodes a codon of mRNA into a type of amino acid and retrieves it.

Question 8

Replication

Answer 8

This is the process of copying DNA for cell division. It is needed for growth and reproduction.

Question 9

Transcription

Answer 9

This is the process of making a copy of DNA. RNA polymerase adds partner nucleotides to template strands of DNA after being unwound, and it results in an mRNA strand.

Question 10

Translation

Answer 10

This is the process of protein synthesis. It uses mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and happens in the ribosome.

Question 11

Mutation

Answer 11

This is a change in the DNA or RNA. These can either be advantages or disadvantages.

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

This is a section of DNA.

Question 13

Nucleotide

Answer 13

These are the building blocks of DNA’s backbone.

Question 14

Protein Synthesis

Answer 14

This is the making of protein, done by translation.

Question 15

Complementary Strand

Answer 15

This is the strand made from the original DNA strand.

This is the strand that results out of DNA replication. It is made by DNA polymerase.

Question 16

Template Strand

Answer 16

It is the original strand the DNA uses to make a complementary strand.
This is the strand of DNA that can be used to replicate when the two strands of DNA are unwound.