Chapter 8 Culture and Health

Question 1

health disparities

Answer 1

refers to different rates of health or illness that marginalized groups have in comparison with their privileged counterparts, whereas health-care disparities refers to the differential access to healthcare or treatment by health-care providers

Question 2

health

Answer 2

a complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 3

health behaviors

Answer 3

behaviors undertaken by people to enhance or maintain their well-being

Question 4

health psychology

Answer 4

the study of psychological influences on how people stay healthy, why they become ill, and how they respond when they do get ill

Question 5

common sense model

Answer 5

all of these:

1) theoretical framework used to explain how patients perceive an illness, cope with that perception, evaluate their coping, and integrate feedback and experiences into revising their perceptions and their coping
2) is linear

Question 6

health belief model

Answer 6

a set of assumptions that suggests that one’s health behavior is affected by one’s perception of a personal health threat, as well as by how a particular health practice would be effective in reducing the personal health threat

Question 7

health belief model includes four main areas of analysis

Answer 7

susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers

Question 8

susceptibility

Answer 8

the likelihood of acquiring a disease or being impacted by an illness-producing stimulus

Question 9

severity

Answer 9

intensity of negative outcome

Question 10

benefits

Answer 10

advantage gained from the behavior

Question 11

barriers

Answer 11

the obstacles that reduce the likelihood of engaging in a new behavior

Question 12

Kleinman and colleagues recommended five key questions that continued to be use today by culturally competent health providers

Answer 12

a) What do you think has caused your problem?
b) Why do you think it started when it did?
c) What do you think your sickness does to you? How does it work?
d) How severe is your sickness? Will it have a short or long course?
e) What kind of treatment do you think you should receive?

Question 13

disparity

Answer 13

all of these:

1) the condition or fact of being unequal
2) has synonyms: inequity, unlikeness, disproportion, and difference

Question 14

ethnic glosses

Answer 14

labels used to identity cultural groups that have great within-group heterogeneity

Question 15

an individual’s perception of a health threat is influenced by at least three factors

Answer 15

a) general health values
b) specific beliefs about vulnerability to a particular disorder
c) beliefs about the consequences of the disorder

Question 16

people’s perceptions of a health threat cannot

Answer 16

completely influence them to change health behaviors in a positive direction

Question 17

The APA report indicated four main areas that impact mental and physical health outcomes

Answer 17

a) stress reactivity/recovery
b) health behaviors
c) social cognitions
d) cognitive control processes

Question 18

allostatic load

Answer 18

the physiological cost of chronic stress

Question 19

language brokers

Answer 19

support translation or interpretation without formal training for this task

Question 20

implicit bias

Answer 20

attitudes that are unconscious or involuntary but nonetheless influence how people feel, think, and behave

Question 21

cultural programming

Answer 21

the ways in which environments shape people without individuals express knowledge or awareness that this is occurring. Cultural programming can lead to implicit attitudes or biases

Question 22

community-based participatory research

Answer 22

an approach to generating knowledge that requires collaboration between research partners on an equal footing, at every phase of a research project

Question 23

cultural competence

Answer 23

the ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures