Chapter 10

Question 1

multicultural competence

Answer 1

the ability to work and be effective with individuals who are of a culture different from yours

Question 2

Four general areas of professional multicultural competence are

Answer 2

a) counselor awareness of his or her own cultural values and biases
b) an understanding of the client’s worldview
c) development of culturally appropriate intervention strategies and techniques
d) counseling and advocacy interventions

Question 3

Three areas of multicultural competency that can be applied into everyday life (from Four general areas of professional multicultural competenc)

Answer 3

a) awareness of your own cultural attitudes
b) understanding other worldviews
c) development of culturally appropriate interpersonal skills

Question 4

awareness of your own cultural attitudes

Answer 4

the part of multicultural competence that involves an individual being aware that his or her own attitudes may be heavily influenced by his or her own culture and may be different from that of a person with whom he or she is interacting

Question 5

understanding other worldviews

Answer 5

the part of multicultural competence that involves an individual’s knowing that other cultures may have ways of seeing and interpreting the world that are markedly different from his or hers

Question 6

development of culturally appropriate interpersonal skills

Answer 6

the part of multicultural competence that involves an individual’s knowing how to apply his or her knowledge about someone else’s worldview to behaviors that appropriately take into account that knowledge. Effecting positive change

Question 7

When we interpret a situation as a potential threat:

Answer 7

all of these:

1. Our natural instinct is to first stop and evaluate the situation (freeze).
2. The next reaction is to try escape the danger (flee)
3. If escape is not possible, we may become aggressive and try to fight off the danger (fight)
4. If none of these strategies works, the next reaction may be to freeze up because we do not know what to do, because we hope we will not be noticed, or because escape is not possible and we are just waiting for the situation to be over (fright)

Question 8

freeze

Answer 8

to stop and try to interpret a situation that may be a potential threat

Question 9

flee

Answer 9

an attempt to escape an uncomfortable or potentially dangerous situation

Question 10

fight

Answer 10

if escape is not possible, we may attempt to be aggressive to defend against the danger we perceive

Question 11

fright

Answer 11

feelings of anxiety about the potentially dangerous situation

Question 12

Harrell’s Five D’s of Difference

Answer 12

distancing, denial, defensiveness, devaluing, discovery

Question 13

distancing

Answer 13

avoiding situations in which one feels different. Distancing can occur physically, emotionally, or intellectually

Question 14

denial

Answer 14

pretending that there is no difference between oneself and another, minimizing its importance or ignoring the difference altogether

Question 15

defensiveness

Answer 15

trying to protect oneself from acknowledging the difference between oneself and another to avoid the discomfort created by that difference

Question 16

devaluing

Answer 16

assessing the difference between oneself and another as deficient or less important

Question 17

discovery

Answer 17

appreciating the difference between oneself and another, seeing how enriching that difference may be, and seeking out opportunities to gain familiarity

Question 18

The Three S’s of Similarity

Answer 18

simple, safe, sane

Question 19

simple

Answer 19

all of these:

1. things that are similar to us or our values are easy or comfortable
2. it is easy to stick with the familiar

Question 20

safe

Answer 20

all of these:

1. things that are similar to us or our values are not a threat because we know how to deal with them and do not have to encounter unsettled feelings of going beyond the familiar to the unknown
2. it feels comfortable to stick with the familiar

Question 21

sane

Answer 21

all of these:

1. things that are similar to us or our values help us feel normal because if we are like everyone else, we are not out of step; we are validated or affirmed
2. being around others who are similar to us makes us feel normal or at least not unusual