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Biology > chapter 8 & 9 review > Flashcards

chapter 8 & 9 review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organisms that can make their own food

A

autotrophs

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2
Q

organisms that cannot make their own food

A

heterotrophs

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3
Q

what are the three parts of an ATP molecule

A
  1. adenine 2. ribose 3. three phosphate groups
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4
Q

when is energy released from an ATP molecule

A

when a phosphate bond is broken

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5
Q

what happens to ATP to convert it into ADP

A

one phosphate group is taken from ATP and is used to power respiration and photosynthesis

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6
Q

which scientist showed plants need light to grow

A

Jan Ingenhousz

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7
Q

photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into what

A

high-energy sugars and oxygen

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8
Q

what are the light-absorbing molecules that plants use to gather the sun’s energy

A

pigments

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9
Q

why do plants appear green

A

because they reflect green light

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10
Q

what is a granum

A

stacks of thylakoids

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11
Q

what is the stroma

A

fluid portion outside of the thylakoids

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12
Q

where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found

A

in the thylakoid membranes

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13
Q

where do light-dependent reactions take place

A

the thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast

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14
Q

what is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis

A

it’s an electron carrier; it accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion

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15
Q

what are the products of light-dependent reactions

A

ATP and NADPH; oxygen is a byproduct

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16
Q

what is another name for the Calvin cycle

A

light-independent reactions

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17
Q

where does the Calvin cycle take place

A

in the stroma of the chloroplast

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18
Q

what is produced in the Calvin cycle

A

a 6-carbon sugar molecule

19
Q

if carbon dioxide was removed, what would happen to the plants sugar production

A

the plant wouldn’t be able to produce sugar

20
Q

what affects the rate of photosynthesis

A

light, temperature, and water

21
Q

what is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration

A

glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain

22
Q

what is released during cellular respiration

A

energy from food

23
Q

cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce how many ATP molecules

A

36 ATP molecules

24
Q

how do organisms get the energy they need

A

from the food they eat

25
Q

which stage of cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm

A

fermentation

26
Q

what is the net gain in ATP during glycolysis

A

2 ATP molecules for 1 molecule of glucose

27
Q

what is the starting molecule for glycolysis

A

glucose

28
Q

what are 2 types of fermentation

A

lactic acid and alcoholic

29
Q

what is one cause of muscle soreness

A

buildup of ATP

30
Q

the air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to which process

A

alcoholic fermentation

31
Q

what is the purpose of lactic acid fermentation

A

to produce lactic acid and NAD+

32
Q

what happens after glycolysis if oxygen is present

A

the Krebs cycle

33
Q

why is cellular respiration called aerobic

A

because it happens in the presence of oxygen

34
Q

what does the Krebs cycle start with and produce

A

it starts with pyruvic acid and produces NADH and carbon dioxide

35
Q

in eukaryotes, where does electron transport occur

A

inner membrane of mitochondria

36
Q

what is the energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain used to make

A

water

37
Q

why do you breathe heavy after running a race

A

to repay the “oxygen debt”

38
Q

when the body needs to exercise for longer than 90 seconds, how does it generate ATP

A

cellular respiration

39
Q

what are the sources of energy during exercise

A
  1. ATP already in muscles
  2. ATP made by lactic acid fermentation
  3. ATP produced by cellular respiration
40
Q

if photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, where does cellular respiration occur

A

the cytoplasm

41
Q

what types of cells perform cellular respiration

A

prokaryotic

42
Q

equation of photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water = sugars + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

43
Q

what is the relationship between light dependent and light independent reactions in photosynthesis

A

light dependent produce ATP and NADPH; light-independent use the ATP and NADPH to produce high energy sugars

44
Q

equation for cellular respiration

A

oxygen + glucose = carbon dioxide + water + energy

6O2 + C6H12O6 = 6CO2 + 6H2O

Biology (15 decks)

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