chapter 8 & 9 review Flashcards
organisms that can make their own food
autotrophs
organisms that cannot make their own food
heterotrophs
what are the three parts of an ATP molecule
- adenine 2. ribose 3. three phosphate groups
when is energy released from an ATP molecule
when a phosphate bond is broken
what happens to ATP to convert it into ADP
one phosphate group is taken from ATP and is used to power respiration and photosynthesis
which scientist showed plants need light to grow
Jan Ingenhousz
photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into what
high-energy sugars and oxygen
what are the light-absorbing molecules that plants use to gather the sun’s energy
pigments
why do plants appear green
because they reflect green light
what is a granum
stacks of thylakoids
what is the stroma
fluid portion outside of the thylakoids
where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found
in the thylakoid membranes
where do light-dependent reactions take place
the thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast
what is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis
it’s an electron carrier; it accepts and holds 2 high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion
what are the products of light-dependent reactions
ATP and NADPH; oxygen is a byproduct
what is another name for the Calvin cycle
light-independent reactions
where does the Calvin cycle take place
in the stroma of the chloroplast
what is produced in the Calvin cycle
a 6-carbon sugar molecule
if carbon dioxide was removed, what would happen to the plants sugar production
the plant wouldn’t be able to produce sugar
what affects the rate of photosynthesis
light, temperature, and water
what is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration
glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain
what is released during cellular respiration
energy from food
cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce how many ATP molecules
36 ATP molecules
how do organisms get the energy they need
from the food they eat
which stage of cellular respiration takes place in the cytoplasm
fermentation
what is the net gain in ATP during glycolysis
2 ATP molecules for 1 molecule of glucose
what is the starting molecule for glycolysis
glucose
what are 2 types of fermentation
lactic acid and alcoholic
what is one cause of muscle soreness
buildup of ATP
the air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to which process
alcoholic fermentation
what is the purpose of lactic acid fermentation
to produce lactic acid and NAD+
what happens after glycolysis if oxygen is present
the Krebs cycle
why is cellular respiration called aerobic
because it happens in the presence of oxygen
what does the Krebs cycle start with and produce
it starts with pyruvic acid and produces NADH and carbon dioxide
in eukaryotes, where does electron transport occur
inner membrane of mitochondria
what is the energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain used to make
water
why do you breathe heavy after running a race
to repay the “oxygen debt”
when the body needs to exercise for longer than 90 seconds, how does it generate ATP
cellular respiration
what are the sources of energy during exercise
- ATP already in muscles
- ATP made by lactic acid fermentation
- ATP produced by cellular respiration
if photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, where does cellular respiration occur
the cytoplasm
what types of cells perform cellular respiration
prokaryotic
equation of photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water = sugars + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2
what is the relationship between light dependent and light independent reactions in photosynthesis
light dependent produce ATP and NADPH; light-independent use the ATP and NADPH to produce high energy sugars
equation for cellular respiration
oxygen + glucose = carbon dioxide + water + energy
6O2 + C6H12O6 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
