chapter 11 review

Question 1

What did Mendel use pea plants to study?

Answer 1

inheritance of traits

Question 2

What are offspring that result from crosses between parents with different traits called?

Answer 2

hybrids

Question 3

Why did Mendel take out the male from the flowers of some plants?

Answer 3

so the crosses between plants would be controlled

Question 4

What did Mendel conclude about how traits are inherited?

Answer 4

that biological inheritance is determined by factors that are passed from one generation to the next. he also concluded that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

Question 5

When Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant, what did the F1 plants inherit?

Answer 5

an allele for tallness from the tall parent and an allele for shortness from the short parent

Question 6

What does the principle of dominance state?

Answer 6

that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

Question 7

When Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, why were all the offspring tall?

Answer 7

the allele for tallness is dominant

Question 8

What can the principles of probability be used for?

Answer 8

predict the traits of the offspring produced by genetic crosses

Question 9

If a heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant, what is the probability that a F1 plant will be tall?

Answer 9

50%

Question 10

What name is given to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait?

Answer 10

homozygous

Question 11

What does a punnett square show?

Answer 11

the possible genotype outcomes for the offspring

Question 12

What principle states that during gamete formation genes for traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance?

Answer 12

principle of independent assortment

Question 13

Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called what?

Answer 13

incomplete dominance

Question 14

How many different allele combinations would be found in gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype was RrYY?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

What type of inheritance produces offspring with two dominant traits?

Answer 15

codominance

Question 16

What is variation in human skin color an example of?

Answer 16

polygenic traits

Question 17

What do Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to?

Answer 17

all organisms

Question 18

Why did Thomas Hunt Morgan use fruit flies in his studies?

Answer 18

fruit flies produce a large number of offspring

Question 19

What symbol represents the number of chromosomes in a gamete?

Answer 19

N

Question 20

How are organism’s diploid number and haploid number related?

Answer 20

the diploid number is half of the haploid number

Question 21

What process produces gametes?

Answer 21

meiosis

Question 22

What happens in crossing-over?

Answer 22

homologous chromosomes pair up with each other and exchange different segments of their genetic material to form recombinant chromosomes

Question 23

When do chromosomes form tetrads?

Answer 23

prophase I

Question 24

What happens or doesn’t happen between meiosis I and meiosis II that reduces the number of chromosomes?

Answer 24

the DNA doesn’t copy

Question 25

How are the results of mitosis different from the results of meiosis?

Answer 25

mitosis results in 2 daughter cells and meiosis results in 4 sex cells

Question 26

What assorts independently?

Answer 26

chromosomes

Question 27

What are gene maps based on?

Answer 27

the frequency of crossing-over between genes

Question 28

How many recessive alleles must be inherited to show the recessive trait?

Answer 28

2

Question 29

How many sets of chromosomes are in a diploid cell?

Answer 29

2

Question 30

When you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails?

Answer 30

50%

Question 31

What can the principles of probability be used for?

Answer 31

predict the traits of the offspring produced by genetic crosses

Question 32

If a heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant, what is the probability that an F1 plant will be tall?

Answer 32

50%

Question 33

What name is given to an organism that has 2 identical alleles for a particular trait?

Answer 33

homozygous

Question 34

What does a Punnett square show?

Answer 34

the possible outcomes for genes of an offspring

Question 35

What principle states that during gamete formation genes for traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance?

Answer 35

principle of independent assortment

Question 36

Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called what?

Answer 36

incomplete dominance

Question 37

How many different allele combinations would be found in gametes produced by a pea plant whose genotype was RrYY?

Answer 37

2

Question 38

What type of inheritance produces offspring with two dominant traits?

Answer 38

codominance