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Biology > Chapter 2 - Chemistry Of Life (vocab) > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Chemistry Of Life (vocab) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

center of an atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, the structure that contains the cells DNA and controls the cells activities

A

nucleus

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2
Q

negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus

A

electron

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3
Q

substance consisting entirely of one type of atom

A

element

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4
Q

atom of an element that has a number of neutrons different from that of other atoms of the same element

A

isotope

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5
Q

substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

A

compound

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6
Q

bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

A

ionic bond

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7
Q

atom that has a positive or negative charge

A

ion

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8
Q

bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

A

covalent bond

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9
Q

smallest unit of most compounds

A

molecule

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10
Q

a slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

A

van der waals forces

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11
Q

attraction between molecules of the same substance

A

cohesion

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12
Q

attraction between molecules of different substances; in plants, attraction between unlike molecules

A

adhesion

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13
Q

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

A

mixture

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14
Q

mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the same substances are evenly distributed

A

solution

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15
Q

substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution

A

solute

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16
Q

substance is which a solute is dissolved to form a solution

A

solvent

17
Q

mixture of water and non-dissolved materials

A

suspension

18
Q

measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions in solutions; ranges from 0 to 14

A

pH scale

19
Q

compound that forms hydrogen ions in a solution

A

acid

20
Q

compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution

A

base

21
Q

weak acid or base that can react with strong acids or bases to help prevent sharp, sudden changes in ph

A

buffer

22
Q

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

A

hydrogen bond

23
Q

basic unit of matter

A

atom

24
Q

Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

A

Monomer

25
Q

Molecule composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

A

Polymer

26
Q

Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body

A

Carbohydrate

27
Q

Simple sugar molecule

A

Monosaccharide

28
Q

Macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, & waxes

A

Lipid

29
Q

Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, & phosphorus

A

Nucleic acid

30
Q

Subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, & a nitrogenous base

A

Nucleotide

31
Q

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

A

Protein

32
Q

Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other

A

Amino acid

33
Q

Process that changes/transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

A

Chemical reaction

34
Q

Element or compound that enter into a chemical reaction

A

Reactant

35
Q

Element or compound produced by a chemical reaction

A

Product

36
Q

Energy that is needed to get a reaction started

A

Activation energy

37
Q

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

A

Catalyst

38
Q

Protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions

A

Enzyme

39
Q

Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

A

Substrate

Biology (15 decks)

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