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Biology > Chapter 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Study Guide Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are found in the space surrounding the nucleus?

A

Electrons

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2
Q

How do you determine the atomic mass number?

A

The number of protons and neutrons

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3
Q

What can radioactive isotopes be used for?

A

Determine the ages of rocks and fossils. Detect and treat cancer. Kill bacteria that spoils food. Labels to follow the movements of substances within organisms.

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4
Q

What does the atomic number tell you?

A

The number of protons or electrons

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5
Q

What is the name for a substance formed by the chemical joining of two or more elements in definite amounts?

A

Compound

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6
Q

What atoms make up a molecule of water?

A

2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen

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7
Q

What is the most abundant compound in most living things?

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

How do compounds compare to the elements that make them up?

A

They don’t compare because they’re completely different

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9
Q

How does a covalent bond form?

A

When two or more atoms share electrons

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10
Q

What type of ion forms when an atom loses an electron?

A

A negative charge; anion

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11
Q

What property of water causes water to form a meniscus?

A

Adhesion

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12
Q

Describe the charges found on a water molecule. What does this make water?

A

Hydrogen and oxygen form a covalent bond. The oxygen atoms attract a little more electrons than the hydrogen. The unequal sharing gives water a slight negative charge near the oxygen atom and a slight positive charge near the hydrogen atoms. This makes it polar.

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13
Q

If you stir salt into boiling water, what do you produce?

A

A mixture called a solution

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14
Q

What is the water that salt is mixed into called?

A

The solvent

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15
Q

If cells were found floating in water, what would this mixture be called?

A

?

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16
Q

Which pH values indicate the strongest acids?

A

Zero

17
Q

What type of solution has more OH- ions than H+ ions?

A

Basic

18
Q

What makes up lipids, starches, and DNA?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids. Carbohydrates. Nucleic acids.

19
Q

3 particles that make up an atom

A

Electrons, protons, and neutrons

20
Q

Why is carbon so special compared to other elements?

A

Carbon atoms can bond to one another and form a lot of different structures

21
Q

What are the functions of proteins?

A

Control rate of reactions. Form bone and muscle. Transport substances. And used for growth and repair.

22
Q

In a chemical reaction, what happens to the atoms?

A

Atoms react with each other to form new products

23
Q

When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, what is the water?

A

The product

24
Q

What part of a chemical reaction are the reactants?

A

The substances that first enter into the reaction that will be changed

25
Q

What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals?

A

A chemical reaction

26
Q

What is the energy that is needed to get a reaction started called?

A

Activation energy

27
Q

If a reaction releases energy, what is needed to make it occur?

A

?

28
Q

If a reaction in one direction releases energy, what does the reaction is the opposite direction do?

A

It requires energy

29
Q

What forms of energy can be released from a chemical reaction?

A

Heat, light, electricity, or sound

30
Q

What are characteristics of enzymes?

A

They’re affected by temperature, pH, and regulatory molecules

31
Q

What is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction called?

A

A catalyst

32
Q

How do enzymes affect the reactions in living cells?

A

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells

33
Q

Why are atoms considered neutral?

A

They contain the same number of protons as electrons

34
Q

How does a sodium atom form a bond with a chlorine atom?

A

? When sodium and chloride react, sodium loses 1 electron and chlorine gains it, making the compound sodium-chloride

35
Q

What accounts for water’s properties of adhesion and cohesion?

A

It’s polarity. It is able to form many hydrogen bonds, which account for it’s special properties

36
Q

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

A

Because it’s 10 protons balance out the 10 electrons. When the charges are unevenly distributed, it makes it polar.

37
Q

Use solvent and solute to describe how to prepare a salt solution.

A

Water is the solvent because it is what dissolves the solid salt into the solution. Salt is the solute

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