Chapter 7-1 and 7-2

Question 1

use lenses to magnify the image of an object by focusing light or electrons

Answer 1

microscopes

Question 2

use beams of electrons that are focused by magnetic fields

Answer 2

electron microscopes

Question 3

why are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?

Answer 3

prokaryotes do not separate their genetic material within a nucleus, but eukaryotes do

Question 4

3 parts of the cell theory

Answer 4

1. all living things are made up of cells
2. cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3. new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 5

role of the cell’s nucleus

Answer 5

contains nearly all the DNA and the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules

Question 6

function of vacuoles

Answer 6

store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 7

function of lysosomes

Answer 7

break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness

Question 8

function of the cytoskeleton

Answer 8

helps the cell maintain its shape and is also involved in movement

Question 9

role of ribosomes

Answer 9

where proteins are assembled

Question 10

proteins that will be released from the cell

Answer 10

proteins made on the rough ER

Question 11

function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 11

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release from the cell

Question 12

function of chloroplasts

Answer 12

capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in photosynthesis

Question 13

function of mitochondria

Answer 13

convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Question 14

function of the cell membrane

Answer 14

regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell