chapter 10 vocab

Question 1

process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

Answer 1

cell division

Question 2

process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

Answer 2

asexual reproduction

Question 3

type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism

Answer 3

sexual reproduction

Question 4

threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes, they are found in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, they are found in the cytoplasm

Answer 4

chromosome

Question 5

substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones

Answer 5

chromatin

Question 6

series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells

Answer 6

cell cycle

Question 7

period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

Answer 7

interphase

Question 8

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

Answer 8

mitosis

Question 9

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

Answer 9

cytokinesis

Question 10

first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible

Answer 10

prophase

Question 11

region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach

Answer 11

centromere

Question 12

one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome

Answer 12

chromatid

Question 13

structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division

Answer 13

centriole

Question 14

phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Answer 14

metaphase

Question 15

phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Answer 15

anaphase

Question 16

phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin

Answer 16

telophase