Chapter 7 study guide Flashcards
What advancement in technology made the discovery of the cell possible?
The microscope
Who was one of the first people to identify and see the cork cells?
Robert Hooke
How can the work of Schleiden and Schwann be summarized?
All plants and animals are made of cells
What are the principles of the cell theory?
- All living things are made up of cells
- Cells are the basic units of structures and function in living things
- New cells are produced from existing cells
What does the cell theory apply to?
Bacteria, multicellular organisms, plants, and animals
If you were looking at a cell with a microscope, how would you know if it was a prokaryotic cell?
If it’s prokaryotic it won’t have a nucleus
How are electron microscopes different from light microscopes?
Electron microscopes can reveal details 1000 times smaller than those visible in light microscopes
What is found in eukaryotic cells?
A nucleus
What type of organism is a prokaryote?
Bacteria
What is the function of the nucleus?
Contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA assembled into chromosomes
Where is the cytoplasm found?
Outside the nucleus
Which structures make proteins using coded instructions from the nucleus?
Ribosomes
Which organelles help provide the cell with energy?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Which organelles would you find in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Chloroplasts and cell wall
Which structures are responsible for cell movement?
Microtubules and microfilaments (cytoskeleton)
What is the path of proteins in the cell?
Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and then their final destination
What is the main function of the cell wall?
Shapes, supports, and protects the cell
What type of cell doesn’t have a cell wall?
Animal cell
What structure serves as the cells boundary from its environment?
Cell membrane
What is a group of similar cells that perform a specific function called?
Tissue
What is an organ system?
Group of organs that work togethers to perform a specific function
What are levels of organization in a multicellular organism?
Tissue, organ, and organ system
What type of particle transport requires the engulfing of a particle by the cell membrane?
Active transport (endocytosis/phagocytosis)
Structures found in a eukaryotic cell
Nucleus, ER, Golgi apparatus, chloroplast, and mitochondria
What is the function of the cell membrane
It regulates materials entering and leaving the cell; protects and supports the cell
What are cell membranes mostly made up of?
Lipid bilayer
What are the channels and pumps found in the cell membrane made of?
Protein
What is diffusion
When particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
Why does does diffusion occur
?
What happens to the movement of molecules when the concentration of both sides of the cell membrane is the same
They all keep moving in both directions since they’ve reached the equilibrium
What type of particle transport requires energy
Active transport
What is diffusion of water across a membrane called
Osmosis
Why will an animal cell surrounded by freshwater burst?
?
What term refers to cells having different jobs within an organism
Cell specialization
How do the cells of a multicellular organism compare to those of a single-called organism
Single called organisms are able to maintain homeostasis by themselves. Multicellular are interdependent and specialized to maintain homeostasis
What is an example of an organ
?
