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My Packs: (WIZEPREP) (BIO 2382) > Chapter 8: 8.3 Mitosis > Flashcards

Chapter 8: 8.3 Mitosis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mitosis

A

A process in which a cell divides into two identical “daughter” cells, which are genetically identical to each other as well as the “mother” cell

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2
Q

True or False:

Most cells of our body divide through mitosis

A

True

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3
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis?

A
  • Growth
  • Replace old and dying cells
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4
Q

What is the 5 phases of mitosis?

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Prometaphase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
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5
Q

Mitosis:

Prophase

A
  • Chromosomes start to condense
  • Mitotic spindle formation
  • Nucleolus disappears
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6
Q

Mitosis:

How does mitotic spindle formation occur in prophase?

A
  • Centrosome forms mitotic spindle

Mitotic spindle
* Composed of microtubules
* Organize chromosomes
* Move them to appropriate locations during mitosis
* Gets longer as centrosomes move apart

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7
Q

Mitosis:

Prometaphase

A
  • Chromosomes fully condensed
  • Nuclear envelope breaks down
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8
Q

Mitosis:

In prometaphase, what happens to the mitotic spindle?

A
  • Grows
  • Begins to attach to the kinetochore of the chromosomes’ centromere
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9
Q

Mitosis:

Metaphase

A
  • Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
  • Spindle checkpoint
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10
Q

Mitosis:

What is the spindle checkpoint in metaphase-anaphase?

A

Checks to ensure the chromosomes attach properly to each kinetochore
* Segregated properly before anaphase

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11
Q

Mitosis:

What does the chromosomes attach to in metaphase?

A

The 2 kinetochores of each chromosome are attached to microtubules
* 1 kinetochore per sister chromatid
* Each attached to an opposite centrosome

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12
Q

Mitosis:

Anaphase

A
  • Sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell
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13
Q

Mitosis:

What happens to the microtubules and chromosomes in anaphase?

A
  • Microtubules that ARE NOT attached to chromosomes push apart
  • Causes the cell to elongate + poles to move away from each other
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14
Q

Mitosis:

Telophase

A
  • Cytokinesis begins
  • Mitotic spindle is broken down
  • A nucleolus forms in each side of the cell
  • Nuclear membrane begins to form
  • Chromosomes decondense
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15
Q

When does cytokinesis usually start?

A

Anaphase or Telophase

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16
Q

Cytokinesis
* In animal cells

A

“Pinches in”
* Due to band of filaments acting as drawstring

17
Q

Cytokinesis (animals):

  1. What are the filaments acting as drawstrings composed of?
  2. What does the “pinching” form?
A
  1. A protein called actin
  2. Forms a crease called the cleavage furrow
18
Q

Cytokinesis:
* In plant cells

A
  • A cell plate forms down the middle
  • Splits cell into two
  • Forms cell wall between them

My Packs: (WIZEPREP) (BIO 2382) (27 decks)

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