Chapter 5: 5.2 Eukaryotic Cell Walls and External Structures

Question 1

What is the major component of the plant cell wall?

Answer 1

The polysaccharide cellulose

Question 2

In plant cell walls:

Cellulose forms fibers called…

Answer 2

Cellulose microfibrils

Question 3

In plant cell walls:

What holds neighbouring cells together?

Answer 3

Middle lamella

Question 4

Animal cells syntheisze an ————- —— —- on the outside of the cell membrane

Answer 4

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Question 5

What is the ECM comprised of?

Answer 5

Proteins and carbohydrates

Question 6

Collagen is a….

Answer 6

Protein

Question 7

In the ECM:

Collagen forms…

Answer 7

Long collagen fibers

Question 8

In the ECM:

Collagen fibers are modified with ————- and interwoven with ————

Answer 8

• Carbohydrates
• Proteoglycan

Question 9

Define:

Proteoglycan

Answer 9

A protein heavily modified with carbohydrates and form branched proteoglycan complexes

Question 10

Where do ECM components attach/connect?

Answer 10

• Membrane proteins called integrins
• Connects to surrounding cells

Question 11

The ECM provides ——– and ——— to tissues

Answer 11

• Strength
• Structure

Question 12

What can the ECM also do between cells?

Answer 12

Maintain a connect between cells with the help of cytoskeletal proteins

Question 13

Describe:

ECM connection via Desmosomes

Answer 13

Connections made by intermediate filaments, keep cells tightly bound (e.g. skin cells)

Question 14

Describe:

ECM connection via Gap Junctions

Answer 14

Channels that form between cells to allow molecules to be shared between cells