Chapter 1: 1.4 Cell Culture

Question 1

What are the two types of eukaryotic cell lines?

Answer 1

1. Primary cell culture
2. Transformed cell line

Question 2

State term for:

Growing eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

Tissue culture

Question 3

Describe:

Primary cell culture

Answer 3

• Healthy cells taken directly from an individual
• Have a limited number of times it can divide
• Often grow/divide very slowly

Question 4

Give example(s) of cells for Primary Cell Culture

Answer 4

Liver cells, brain cells etc.

Question 5

Describe:

Transformed cell line

Answer 5

• Cancerous cell lines
• Immortal (unlimited cell division)
• Divide rapidly

Question 6

Give example(s) of cells for Transformed Cell Line

Answer 6

HeLa cells (cervical cancer cells)

Question 7

Define:

Confluency

Answer 7

Measure of how dense the cells have grown

Question 8

True or False:

Transformed cell lines reach confluency very slowly

Answer 8

False, they reach confluency very quickly

Question 9

How can confluency be seen in images?

Answer 9

100% confluency produces darker images

Question 10

List:

The four elements of growth conditions for eukaryotic cell cultures

Answer 10

1. Media: Culture nutrients needed for the cells
2. Container: May have a surface to allow cells to adhere if they are adherent cells
3. Environment: Appropriate temperature, oxygem availability, 5% CO2 for survival and cell division
4. Sterile: Prevent microorganisms from contamination

Question 11

In eukaryotic cell cultures:

Cells have to be adherent

(True or False)

Answer 11

False, cells can be free-floating or adherent

Question 12

In prokaryotic cultures:

Where are bacterial cultures grown?

Answer 12

1. On solid media as isolated colonies of bacteria
2. In liquid media as suspensions of bacterial cells

Question 13

In eukaryotic cell cultures:

Why must microorganisms not be allowed to grow in eukaryotic cell cultures?

Answer 13

Microorganisms grow faster and can infect eukaryotic cells

Question 14

In prokaryotic cultures:

Describe the media

Answer 14

• Contains key nutrients for bacterial growth
• Will be harder if it contains agar

Question 15

Bacteria divide very ——- (—— than eukaryotic cell)

Answer 15

1. Rapidly
2. Faster

Question 16

In prokaryotic cultures:

What is a drop on the plate?

Answer 16

A colony

Question 17

In prokaryotic cultures:

What is a colony made up of?

Answer 17

Genetically identical bacterial cells

Question 18

In prokaryotic cultures:

What is a colony made up of all genetically identical bacterial cells known as?

Answer 18

A colony forming unit (CFU)

Question 19

Define:

Stem Cells

Answer 19

Special kind of progenitor cell which means that they are unspecialized cells that can become any kind of cell

Question 20

What are the two types of stem cells?

Answer 20

1. Embryonic stem cells
2. Adult stem cells

Question 21

Where are stem cells produced?

Answer 21

1. Embryonic stem cells: Embryo
2. Adult stem cells: Bone marrow or regular tissue

Question 22

How does a stem cell differentiate into a mature specialized cell?

Answer 22

Special signals are sent to the cell

Question 23

Define:

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)

Answer 23

Cultured embryonic stem cells and artificially induce it to become a cell type of your choice

Question 24

Define:

Metastasis

Answer 24

Spread of cancer cells

Question 25

# Compare the normal and cancer cells: 1. Cytoplasm 2. Nucleus 3. Nucleolus 4. Chomatin

Answer 25

1. Cancer cells have smaller cytoplasm 2. Cancer cells have multiple nuclei 3. Cancer cells have multiple and large nucleoli 4. Cancer cells have course chromatin

Question 26

Give an example of a healthy cell characteristic that cancer cells lose

Answer 26

Contact inhibition (cells grown on top of each other and clump)

Question 27

What are characteristics of cancer cells?

Answer 27

* Accumulated mutations in DNA that caused it to lose control of its cell cycle * "Immortal" cell line, uncontrolled cell division * Grow much faster than primary cell lines