Chapter 8: Flashcards
Experience
Essential feature of all emotion
Emotion
Positive or generative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity
Two Dimensions of emotion
Arousal and valence
Valence
How “pleasant” (pleasure) or “adverse” (angry) an experience is
Arousal
How “exciting” or “drowsy” an experience is
James-Lange Theory
Stimuli trigger activity in the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain
Cannon-Bard Theory
Stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the ANS and emotional experience in the brain
Two-factor theory
Emotions are inferences about the causes of physiological arousal
Criticism of two-factor theory?
There is only one bodily reaction to ALL emotional stimuli…
The amygdala
Appraises/evaluates the situation
Fast pathway of fear to the brain
Thalamus to amygdala
Slow acting fear pathway
Thalamus to cortex to amygdala
Emotional regulation
Use of cognitive and behavioral strategies to influence one’s emotional experience
Reappraisal
Changing of one’s emotional experience by changing the meaning of the emotion-eliciting stimulus
5 universal emotions
Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness
Facial feedback hypothesis
Theory that emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify
Motivation
Purpose for physiological cause for an action
Experienced emotion
Thing you actually feel
Expressed emotion
Emotion that you express
Hedonic principle
Notion that all people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain
Drive
Internal state generated by departures from physiological optimality
Instincts
The faculty of acting in such a wat as to produce
Drive reduction theory
A theory that suggest that organisms are motivated to reduce their drives
Intrinsic motivation
Motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding
Extrinsic motivation
Motivation to take actions that LEAD to a reward
Approach motivation
Motivation to experience positive outcomes
Avoidance motivation
Motivation to not experience negative outcomes
Loss aversion
The tendency to care more about avoiding losses than about achieving equal-sized gains
