Chapter 12

Question 1

Social Psychology

Answer 1

Study of the causes and consequences of sociality

Question 2

Aggression

Answer 2

Behavior for the purpose of harming others

Question 3

Frustration-agression hypothesis

Answer 3

Principle stating that animals aggress only when their goals are thwarted

Question 4

Cooperation

Answer 4

Behavior by two or more individuals that leads to a mutual benefit

Question 5

Group

Answer 5

Collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes them from others

Question 6

Prejudice

Answer 6

Positive of negative evaluation of another person based on their group membership

Question 7

In-group favoritism

Answer 7

Favoriting those of your group

Question 8

Group decision making

Answer 8

Can be ver hindered by: common knowledge effect, group polarization, groupthink,

Question 9

Common knowledge effect

Answer 9

The tendency for group discussions to focus on information that members share

Question 10

Group polarization

Answer 10

The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than any member would have made alone

Question 11

Groupthink

Answer 11

The tendency for groups to reach consensus to facilitate interpersonal harmony

Question 12

Deindividuation

Answer 12

Occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values

Question 13

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 13

Tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibility for their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting the same way

Question 14

Bystander intervention

Answer 14

The act of helping strangers in an emergency situation ion

Question 15

Altruism

Answer 15

Behavior that benefits another without benefitting oneself

Question 16

Kin selection

Answer 16

Process by which evolution selects for individuals who cooperate with their relatives

Question 17

Proximity

Answer 17

Breeds fondness

Question 18

Mere-exposure effect

Answer 18

Tendency for liking to increase the frequency of exposure

Question 19

Three basic motives of social influence

Answer 19

Hedonic, approval, accuracy

Question 20

Normative influence

Answer 20

Occurs when another person’s behavior provides information about what is appropriate

Question 21

Norm

Answer 21

Customary standard for behavior that is widely shared by members of a culture

Question 22

Norm of reciprocity

Answer 22

Unwritten rule that people should benefit those who have benefited them

Question 23

Door in the face technique

Answer 23

Strategy that involves getting someone to deny an initial request to influence behavior

Question 24

Conformity

Answer 24

Tendency to do what others thing is proper

Question 25

Informational influence

Answer 25

Occurs when another person’s good behavior provides information about what is good or right

Question 26

Persuasion

Answer 26

When a person’s attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication form another person

Question 27

Systematic persuasion

Answer 27

Process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason

Question 28

Heuristic persuasion

Answer 28

Process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to habit or emotion

Question 29

Foot in the door technique

Answer 29

Technique that involves a small request followed by a larger request

Question 30

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 30

Unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs