Chapter 12 Flashcards
Social Psychology
Study of the causes and consequences of sociality
Aggression
Behavior for the purpose of harming others
Frustration-agression hypothesis
Principle stating that animals aggress only when their goals are thwarted
Cooperation
Behavior by two or more individuals that leads to a mutual benefit
Group
Collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes them from others
Prejudice
Positive of negative evaluation of another person based on their group membership
In-group favoritism
Favoriting those of your group
Group decision making
Can be ver hindered by: common knowledge effect, group polarization, groupthink,
Common knowledge effect
The tendency for group discussions to focus on information that members share
Group polarization
The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than any member would have made alone
Groupthink
The tendency for groups to reach consensus to facilitate interpersonal harmony
Deindividuation
Occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values
Diffusion of responsibility
Tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibility for their actions when they are surrounded by others who are acting the same way
Bystander intervention
The act of helping strangers in an emergency situation ion
Altruism
Behavior that benefits another without benefitting oneself
Kin selection
Process by which evolution selects for individuals who cooperate with their relatives
Proximity
Breeds fondness
Mere-exposure effect
Tendency for liking to increase the frequency of exposure
Three basic motives of social influence
Hedonic, approval, accuracy
Normative influence
Occurs when another person’s behavior provides information about what is appropriate
Norm
Customary standard for behavior that is widely shared by members of a culture
Norm of reciprocity
Unwritten rule that people should benefit those who have benefited them
Door in the face technique
Strategy that involves getting someone to deny an initial request to influence behavior
Conformity
Tendency to do what others thing is proper
Informational influence
Occurs when another person’s good behavior provides information about what is good or right
Persuasion
When a person’s attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication form another person
Systematic persuasion
Process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason
Heuristic persuasion
Process by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to habit or emotion
Foot in the door technique
Technique that involves a small request followed by a larger request
Cognitive dissonance
Unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs
