Chapter 11

Question 1

Projective technique

Answer 1

Standard series of ambiguous stimuli designed to elicit unique responses that reveal Inter aspects of an individuals personality

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

Relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular or consistent way

Question 3

Factor analysis

Answer 3

Sorts trait items into small dimensions

Question 4

BIG FIVE personality traits

Answer 4

Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to new ideas , extraversion

Question 5

Psychodynamic approach

Answer 5

Regards personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness— motives that can also produce emotional disorders; developed by Freud

Question 6

Id

Answer 6

Part of the mind containing drives present at brith- source of bodily needs, wants, desires, impulses, particularly sex and aggressive drives

Question 7

Ego

Answer 7

Component of personality developed through contact with the external world that enables us to deal with life’s demands

Question 8

Superego

Answer 8

Mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as our parents exercised their authority

Question 9

Defense mechanisms

Answer 9

Unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses

Question 10

Rationalization

Answer 10

Supplying a reasonable-sounding explanation for unacceptable feelings and behavior to conceal ones underlying motives or feelings

Question 11

Reaction formation

Answer 11

Unconsciously replacing threatening Inter wishes and fantasies with an exaggerated version of their opposite

Question 12

Projection

Answer 12

Attributing one’s own threatening feelings, motives, or imupulses to another person or group (e.g disorganized and then get mad at someone else for being disorganized)

Question 13

Regression

Answer 13

Ego deals with internal conflict perceived threat by reverting to an immature behavior or earlier stage of development

Question 14

Displacement

Answer 14

Shifting unacceptable wishes or drives to a neutral or less threatening alternative

Question 15

Identification

Answer 15

Helps deal with feelings of threat and anxiety by enabling us to unconsciously to take on the characteristics of another person who seems more powerful or able to cope

Question 16

Sublimation

Answer 16

Channeling unacceptable sexual or aggressive drives into socially acceptable and culturally enhancing activities

Question 17

Humanistic psychologists

Answer 17

Emphasize a positive, optimistic view of human nature; emphasizes goodness and potential for growth

Question 18

Existential psychologists

Answer 18

Focus on individual responsible agent, free to create his life while negotiating the issue of meaning and the reality of death

Question 19

Angst

Answer 19

The anxiety of full being

Question 20

Social-cognitive approach

Answer 20

Views personality in terms of how the person thinks about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves accordingly

Question 21

Person-0situation controversy

Answer 21

Question of whether behavior is caused more by personality or by situational factors

Question 22

Locus of Control

Answer 22

Person’s tendency to perceive the intros of rewards as internal to the self or external in the environment

Question 23

Self-serving bias

Answer 23

Tendency to take credit for successes but downplay responsibility for their failures; protects self-esteem

Question 24

Self-esteem

Answer 24

Extent to which an individual likes, values, and accepts self