Chapter 11 Flashcards
Projective technique
Standard series of ambiguous stimuli designed to elicit unique responses that reveal Inter aspects of an individuals personality
Trait
Relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular or consistent way
Factor analysis
Sorts trait items into small dimensions
BIG FIVE personality traits
Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to new ideas , extraversion
Psychodynamic approach
Regards personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness— motives that can also produce emotional disorders; developed by Freud
Id
Part of the mind containing drives present at brith- source of bodily needs, wants, desires, impulses, particularly sex and aggressive drives
Ego
Component of personality developed through contact with the external world that enables us to deal with life’s demands
Superego
Mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as our parents exercised their authority
Defense mechanisms
Unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses
Rationalization
Supplying a reasonable-sounding explanation for unacceptable feelings and behavior to conceal ones underlying motives or feelings
Reaction formation
Unconsciously replacing threatening Inter wishes and fantasies with an exaggerated version of their opposite
Projection
Attributing one’s own threatening feelings, motives, or imupulses to another person or group (e.g disorganized and then get mad at someone else for being disorganized)
Regression
Ego deals with internal conflict perceived threat by reverting to an immature behavior or earlier stage of development
Displacement
Shifting unacceptable wishes or drives to a neutral or less threatening alternative
Identification
Helps deal with feelings of threat and anxiety by enabling us to unconsciously to take on the characteristics of another person who seems more powerful or able to cope
Sublimation
Channeling unacceptable sexual or aggressive drives into socially acceptable and culturally enhancing activities
Humanistic psychologists
Emphasize a positive, optimistic view of human nature; emphasizes goodness and potential for growth
Existential psychologists
Focus on individual responsible agent, free to create his life while negotiating the issue of meaning and the reality of death
Angst
The anxiety of full being
Social-cognitive approach
Views personality in terms of how the person thinks about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves accordingly
Person-0situation controversy
Question of whether behavior is caused more by personality or by situational factors
Locus of Control
Person’s tendency to perceive the intros of rewards as internal to the self or external in the environment
Self-serving bias
Tendency to take credit for successes but downplay responsibility for their failures; protects self-esteem
Self-esteem
Extent to which an individual likes, values, and accepts self
