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Psychology 111 > Chapter 10: Developement > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Developement Flashcards

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1
Q

Germinal stage

A

2-week period that begins at conception; brief lifetime of zygote

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2
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg that contains chromosomes from both a sperm and an egg

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3
Q

Embryonic stage

A

Period that lasts from 2nd week until the 8th week

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4
Q

Fetal stage

A

Period that lasts from the 9th week until birth

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5
Q

Myelination

A

Formulation of a fat sheath around the axons of a neuron begins

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6
Q

Womb

A

Environment that affects an unborn baby in many ways

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7
Q

Teratogens

A

Agents that pass from mother and impairs process of development

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8
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Developmental disorder that stems from heavy alcohol use by the mother during pregnancy

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9
Q

Infancy

A

Birth to 18/24 months

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10
Q

Motor development

A

Emergence of the ability to execute physical action

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11
Q

Motor reflexes

A

Specific patterns of motor response that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation

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12
Q

Cephalocaudal rule

A

Top to bottom rule that describes learning of motor skills (head down)

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13
Q

Cognitive development

A

Emergence of the ability to think and understand

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14
Q

Jean Paiget

A

Suggested 4 stages of cognitive development in children

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15
Q

Sensorimotor

A

Birth-2years. Infant experiences getting used to the world and increasing dexterity

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16
Q

Preoperational

A

2-6 years. Child acquires motor skills but does not understand conservation of physical properties

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17
Q

Concrete operational

A

6-11 years. Child can think logically about physical objects and events and understand conservation of physical properties

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18
Q

Formal operational

A

11 years +. Child can think logically about abstract propositions and hypotheticals

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19
Q

Sensorimotor stage (birth - 2 years)

A

Schemas, assimilation, accommodation, object permanence

20
Q

Schemas

A

Theories about or models of the way the world works

21
Q

Assimilation

A

Process by which infants apply their schemas in novel situations

22
Q

Accommodation

A

Process by which infants revise their schemas in light of new information

23
Q

Object permanence

A

Idea that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible

24
Q

Egocentrism

A

Failure to understand that the world appears different to different observers

25
Q

Perceptions and beliefs

A

3 year olds fail to realize that other people don’t see or know what they know

26
Q

Theory of mind

A

Understanding that the mind produces representations of the world and that these representations guide behavior

27
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

Believed that children develop through interactions with members of their own culture

28
Q

Vygotsky 3 skills to learn…

A

Joint attention, social referencing, imitation

29
Q

Join attention

A

Ability to focus on what another person is focused on

30
Q

Social referencing

A

Ability to use another persons reactions as information about how to think about the world

31
Q

Imitation

A

Ability to do what another person does

32
Q

Harry Harlow (monkeys)

A

Put baby monkeys with a plush mom and a wire mom, and gave wire mom food. They always try to stay with plushy soft mom. Reached over to eat from wire mom

33
Q

Konrad Lorenz

A

Imprinting

34
Q

John bowlby

A

Infants innately channel their signals to primary caregivers to form attachment

35
Q

Attachment

A

Emotional bond that forms between newborns and their primary caregivers. Secure, avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized

36
Q

Strange situation

A

Behavioral test developed by Mary ainsworth that is used to determine a child’s attachment style

37
Q

Temperaments

A

Characteristic patterns of emotional reactivity

38
Q

Piaget children’s morality

A

Reclaims to relativism, prescriptions to principles, outcomes to intentions

39
Q

Kohlberg stages

A

Developed a theory of three stages in moral development

40
Q

Preconventional stage (Childhood)

A

Morality of an action is primarily determined by its consequences for the actor

41
Q

Conventional stage (adolescence)

A

Morality of an action is primarily determined by the extent to which it conforms to social rules

42
Q

Postconventional stage (adults)

A

Morality of an action is determined by a set of general principles that reflect core values

43
Q

Adolescence

A

Period of development that beings with the onset of sexual maturity (11-14) and lasts until the beginning of adulthood (18-21)

44
Q

Puberty

A

Bodily changes associated with sexual maturity

45
Q

Adulthood

A

Stage of development that begins around 18-21 years and ends at death

Psychology 111 (14 decks)

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