Chapter 8 Flashcards
What does skin do for us?
- Protects-waterproof; barrier to pathogen; from UV rays (melanin); protective sensation; thermoregulation; pH of skin is slightly acidic; sweat is anti-bacterial
- prevents loss of fluids, but can absorb them too
- Produces vitamin D (bone health; mood; sleep; depression; considered a hormone)
Epidermis (5 layers)
stratum corneum (outermost) stratum lucidum (on feet and hands) stratum granulosum (keritinization-protection) stratum spinosum stratum basale
dermis (middle layer)
superficial papillary dermis
deeper reticular dermis
contains: nerve endings; cold receptors; capillary beds; mechanoreceptors; thermoreceptors; collagen & elasticity; follicles; macrophages
hypodermis (subcutis)
fatty layer that provides protection of internal organs by absorbing energy from an impact; insulates against heat loss
contains: fat cells; bv’s; lymphatic vessels, ct and sensory nerve endings
superficial (1st degree) burn
epidermis
from curling iron, iron, sunburn
partial thickness (2nd degree) burn
damage to dermis and will lose connection between the dermis and epidermis which creates a blister (going into the dermis, but not past it)
full thickness burn (3rd degree)
through epidermis, dermis and hypodermis
the rule of 9’s
tool to classify burns and area of body affected by burn
body divided into 9 sections each 9% total
complications of burns
no longer have protections (strength, elasticity, increase risk of infection, scarring (tighten up); smoke inhalation; lung problems; noxious fumes; PTSD
debridement
removes all dead tissue because it gets in the way of healing
autograft
cut skin off from somewhere else on self
split (some dermis) or full thickness dermatome (some hypodermis)
allograft
from another human or cadaver
xenograft
from an animal - mostly pig
inosculation
capillaries need to grow around and fee the graft…if it doesn’t work the graft dies
immersion or trench foot
long extended exposure to moisture; skin begins dying and then more susceptible to injuries
frostbite
can be waxy or black in appearance; once you get it you’re always susceptible
full thickness freezing injury
hypothermia
body goes into protective state and shunt blood to core and not worry about extremities
cellulitis
infection of interstitial fluid around skin; warm to touch; trace line of infection to track the infection
if there are red streaks - it means it is a medical emergency because it goes into the blood
boils
infected individual hair follicles
carbuncle
infected multiple hair follicles
cadidiasis
fungal infection; affects mucosal areas of the mouth and genital areas of skin and is found mainly in children and older people. More likely to form if you are immunologically challenged.
tinea
ringworm
caused by a fungal or dermatophyte infection; common in children over 5 years.
can cause athlete’s foot; jock itch; it can be on the nails, scalp and face.
herpes simplex
cold sores caused by the herpes virus that causes type 1 and type 2 infections
herpes zoster
viral infection known as shingles; older population (55-60); caused by the varicella zoster virus
wart (plural verruca)
skin lesion; warts are contagious
vector borne (insect borne)
scabies and pediculosis (lice)
scabies
highly contagious skin infection caused by the scabby mite (a member of the spider family with 8 legs); itch mite; burrows into the epidermis of the skin and lays eggs; after 4-6 wks the larvae hatch, rise to the surface and then burrow back into it; the feces and burrowing cause inflammation, itching and pruritus (a rash)
pediculosis (lice)
caused by contact and subsequent infestation with lice; can occur as head lice, body lice or pubic lice.
acne vulgaris
traditional acne
eczema, dermatitis, urticaria
eczema is a generic term for chronic noninfectious skin lesions of atopic dermatitis that include papules and vesicles with inflammation, pruritus and lichenification.
psoriasis
chronic, hereditary skin disease; not infectious or contagious; now considered to be autoimmune in nature.
basal cell carcinoma
most common form of skin cancer; is a malignant, slow growing skin tumor, rarely metastasizes; originate in the epidermis and outer sheath of the hair follicle.
squamous cell carcinoma
2nd most common; caused by prolonged exposure to the sun or other sources of uv light; appearance is similar to a inhaling ulcer with an irregular shape; area is thickened, rough, crusted, occasionally with a raised border and may bleed
malignant melanoma
extremely malignant, invasive form of skin cancer; tumor of cells that produce melanin
kaposi’s sarcoma
malignant tumor; rare cancer expect in patients with AIDS
