Chapter 8

Question 1

What does skin do for us?

Answer 1

1. Protects-waterproof; barrier to pathogen; from UV rays (melanin); protective sensation; thermoregulation; pH of skin is slightly acidic; sweat is anti-bacterial
2. prevents loss of fluids, but can absorb them too
3. Produces vitamin D (bone health; mood; sleep; depression; considered a hormone)

Question 2

Epidermis (5 layers)

Answer 2

stratum corneum (outermost)
stratum lucidum (on feet and hands)
stratum granulosum (keritinization-protection)
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

Question 3

dermis (middle layer)

Answer 3

superficial papillary dermis
deeper reticular dermis
contains: nerve endings; cold receptors; capillary beds; mechanoreceptors; thermoreceptors; collagen & elasticity; follicles; macrophages

Question 4

hypodermis (subcutis)

Answer 4

fatty layer that provides protection of internal organs by absorbing energy from an impact; insulates against heat loss
contains: fat cells; bv’s; lymphatic vessels, ct and sensory nerve endings

Question 5

superficial (1st degree) burn

Answer 5

epidermis

from curling iron, iron, sunburn

Question 6

partial thickness (2nd degree) burn

Answer 6

damage to dermis and will lose connection between the dermis and epidermis which creates a blister (going into the dermis, but not past it)

Question 7

full thickness burn (3rd degree)

Answer 7

through epidermis, dermis and hypodermis

Question 8

the rule of 9’s

Answer 8

tool to classify burns and area of body affected by burn

body divided into 9 sections each 9% total

Question 9

complications of burns

Answer 9

no longer have protections (strength, elasticity, increase risk of infection, scarring (tighten up); smoke inhalation; lung problems; noxious fumes; PTSD

Question 10

debridement

Answer 10

removes all dead tissue because it gets in the way of healing

Question 11

autograft

Answer 11

cut skin off from somewhere else on self

split (some dermis) or full thickness dermatome (some hypodermis)

Question 12

allograft

Answer 12

from another human or cadaver

Question 13

xenograft

Answer 13

from an animal - mostly pig

Question 14

inosculation

Answer 14

capillaries need to grow around and fee the graft…if it doesn’t work the graft dies

Question 15

immersion or trench foot

Answer 15

long extended exposure to moisture; skin begins dying and then more susceptible to injuries

Question 16

frostbite

Answer 16

can be waxy or black in appearance; once you get it you’re always susceptible
full thickness freezing injury

Question 17

hypothermia

Answer 17

body goes into protective state and shunt blood to core and not worry about extremities

Question 18

cellulitis

Answer 18

infection of interstitial fluid around skin; warm to touch; trace line of infection to track the infection
if there are red streaks - it means it is a medical emergency because it goes into the blood

Question 19

boils

Answer 19

infected individual hair follicles

Question 20

carbuncle

Answer 20

infected multiple hair follicles

Question 21

cadidiasis

Answer 21

fungal infection; affects mucosal areas of the mouth and genital areas of skin and is found mainly in children and older people. More likely to form if you are immunologically challenged.

Question 22

tinea

Answer 22

ringworm
caused by a fungal or dermatophyte infection; common in children over 5 years.
can cause athlete’s foot; jock itch; it can be on the nails, scalp and face.

Question 23

herpes simplex

Answer 23

cold sores caused by the herpes virus that causes type 1 and type 2 infections

Question 24

herpes zoster

Answer 24

viral infection known as shingles; older population (55-60); caused by the varicella zoster virus

Question 25

wart (plural verruca)

Answer 25

skin lesion; warts are contagious

Question 26

vector borne (insect borne)

Answer 26

scabies and pediculosis (lice)

Question 27

scabies

Answer 27

highly contagious skin infection caused by the scabby mite (a member of the spider family with 8 legs); itch mite; burrows into the epidermis of the skin and lays eggs; after 4-6 wks the larvae hatch, rise to the surface and then burrow back into it; the feces and burrowing cause inflammation, itching and pruritus (a rash)

Question 28

pediculosis (lice)

Answer 28

caused by contact and subsequent infestation with lice; can occur as head lice, body lice or pubic lice.

Question 29

acne vulgaris

Answer 29

traditional acne

Question 30

eczema, dermatitis, urticaria

Answer 30

eczema is a generic term for chronic noninfectious skin lesions of atopic dermatitis that include papules and vesicles with inflammation, pruritus and lichenification.

Question 31

psoriasis

Answer 31

chronic, hereditary skin disease; not infectious or contagious; now considered to be autoimmune in nature.

Question 32

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 32

most common form of skin cancer; is a malignant, slow growing skin tumor, rarely metastasizes; originate in the epidermis and outer sheath of the hair follicle.

Question 33

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 33

2nd most common; caused by prolonged exposure to the sun or other sources of uv light; appearance is similar to a inhaling ulcer with an irregular shape; area is thickened, rough, crusted, occasionally with a raised border and may bleed

Question 34

malignant melanoma

Answer 34

extremely malignant, invasive form of skin cancer; tumor of cells that produce melanin

Question 35

kaposi’s sarcoma

Answer 35

malignant tumor; rare cancer expect in patients with AIDS