Chapter 12 Flashcards
peristalsis
waves of contraction that assist in propelling food into stomach
aspirate
food goes trachea instead of esophagus
small intestine
digestion and most of the absorption of nutrients take place here
three section of small intestine
duodenum-attached to the stomach; central jejunum; distal ileum-attached to the colon (large intestine); enlargement-appendix attaches here
small intestine-villi
increase surface area to increase absorption
recovery position
laying on left side
colon
does not play a part in digestion; water is added or removed from feces; pd mucus
what needs to happen for digestion to function fully
no blockages (whole system: mouth to anus); absorption system through walls of system; intact endocrine system and blood/nerve supply
barium test (enema and swallow)
radioactive, iodine, live x-ray; shows tumors, leaking, constriction, etc
test for large intestines
colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy
digital rectal exam
checks prostate (polyps, etc)
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
reflux/heartburn; weak sphincter muscles or slow emptying from stomach to intestines; can cause esophageal cancer because of the accumulative damage; can be corrected by meds, sleep on an incline, surgery, diet (decrease foods that are highly acidic)
3 pairs of salivary glands
parotid gland, submandibular and sublingual
esophageal cancer
squamous cell carcinoma develops from the squamous epithelial cells lining the esophagus and adenocarcinoma derives from the mucus-producing cells; no symptoms early on; advanced symptoms-chronic hiccups; hoarse voice; pain swallowing
two common types of precancerous lesions in the mouth
leukoplakia- white area of tissue; erythroplakia- red area of tissue
TMJ dysfunction
chronic headaches; treatment includes-exercise, manual therapy, relaxation, postural advice and correction
carcinoma of the stomach
no symptoms till advanced; poor prognosis; tests - barium swallow and endoscopy
gastritis
inflammation of the lining of the stomach; 2 types-erosive (aka-ulcer; hemorrhage may occur)and nonerosive (aka chronic gastritis);
gastroenteritis
generalized inflammation of the stomach and intestine caused by a variety of agents including bacteria, viruses (rotavirus or norovirus) and parasites; wash hands
appendicitis
inflammation of the vermiform; generalized pain in ab then localized intense right sided pain; initial cause may be a blockage; usually an appendectomy is needed
celiac sprue (celiac disease or gluten enteropathy)
malabsorption disease specific to the small intestine resulting from intolerance to gluten protein; chronic, immunological disease; allergic to a protein in gluten called gliadin, which sets up a toxic rxn in the small intestine that damages the mucosal lining, destroying the intestinal villi
ileus
obstructive or paralytic ileus
paralytic-paralysis caused by spinal cord injury or other trauma; nerves of intestine are damaged; no peristalsis, contents back up and create obstruction
obstructive-results from adhesions (post operative) or material blocking
herniation
of the intestine through the ab wall causing an obstruction; inguinal hernia-through inguinal ligament; femoral hernia-femoral canal; periumbilical hernia-umbilicus
whipple’s disease
rare bacterial, infectious disease; bacteria settle on sm intestine, but can affect brain, joints, heart and lungs; damage villi of the internal surface of sm intestine then rd ability to absorb nutrients; may take 2 years to recover
colorectal cancer
malignant tumor of the intestinal tract of lg intestine; diet and heredity
diverticulum/diverticula (pleural)
pouchlike process within the wall of the intestine, usually the colon; form where the bands of circular and longitudinal muscle of the wall of the colon meet to provide passage for bv’s; could be from low fiber diet or lack of exercise
hemorrhoids
normally occurring nodules of veins inside the distal end of the rectum or anus; aid in elimination of waste; hemorrhoid is when they’re inflamed and enlarged; bleeding from the rectum and itching
chronic inflammatory bowel disease
covers a range, but mainly Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s disease-mainly affects the sm intestine but can affect any part of the digestive system
ulcerative colitis-affects only the rectum and colon
intestinal polyps
small, fingerlike projections in the wall of the intestines; benign or malignant; benign polyps assoc. with IBD; polyps can turn into neoplastic tumors; polyps removed during colonoscopy to prevent them turning into malignant tumors
irritable bowel syndrome
common, nonspecific problem; doesn’t damage the intestines so it doesn’t precede serious diseases like cancer
ischemic bowel disease
term used for a group of bowel diseases caused by lack of blood supply to the walls of the lg or sm intestines; 3 main types: acute mesenteric ischemia, chronic mesenteric ischemis and ischemic colitis; assoc w/other diseases such as atherosclerosis or heart diseases; can cause gangrene of intestines (acute and ischemic); acute is a medical emergency
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum; acute onset; spontaneous peritonitis related to bacterial infection or assoc with liver of kidney disease; secondary peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum resulting from another condition; dialysis-assoc peritonitis occurs during kidney dialysis procedures
