Chapter 8

Question 1

Differences between managers and leaders

Answer 1

Managers follow instructions given to them. Leaders demonstrate ability to think for themselves to bring about change/ innovate.

Question 2

Trait theory

Answer 2

theories that support the idea that leadership is inherent, so we must identify leader based on his/her traits.

Question 3

Behavioural theory

Answer 3

theories that support the idea that leadership is a skillset and can be taught to anyone, so we must identify the behaviour to teach to potential leaders

Question 4

What 2 key dimensions of leadership did Ohio state university find?

Answer 4

Initiating structure - the defining and structuring of roles

Consideration - job relationships that reflect trust and respect

Question 5

What 2 key dimensions of leadership did university of Michigan find?

Answer 5

Employee oriented - emphasizes interpersonal relationships and is the most powerful dimension
Production Oriented - emphasizes the technical aspects of the job

Question 6

Contingency Theory

Answer 6

Stresses importance of context when examining leadership

Question 7

What is the Fielder Contingency Model?

Answer 7

Effective group performance depends on the match between the leader’s style and degree to which the situation gives control to the leader.

Question 8

What are Fielder’s contingency situations?

Answer 8

Leader-member relations: degree of trust and respect members have for leader
Task Structure: Degree to which jobs are structured
Position Power: Degree to which leaders have “power”, hiring, firing, promoting, salary

Question 9

Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership

Answer 9

Model based on follower readiness. Like a parent, as a worker becomes more prepared the leader intervenes less.

Question 10

What are Hersey and Blanchard’s situations?

Answer 10

Follower able but unwilling: leader needs to use a supportive and participative style
Follower able and willing: leader uses hands off approach
Follower unable but willing: leader needs to display high task orientation and high relationship orientation
Follower unable and unwilling: Leader needs to give clear and specific directions

Question 11

What are the path goal guidelines to be effective?

Answer 11

Determine outcomes subordinates want
reward them with desired outcomes
be clear with expectations

Question 12

What are the path goal leadership styles?

Answer 12

Directive - Informs subordinates of expectations and gives guidelines
Supportive - friendly and approachable show concern for subordinates
Participative - Get input of subordinates
Achievement oriented - set challenging goals and employees continually improve to achieve them

Question 13

What are the 4 characteristics of Charismatic Leadership

Answer 13

1. Have a vision
2. Are willing to take risks to achieve the vision
3. sensitive to followers needs
4. exhibit behaviour that is out of the ordinary

Question 14

What is house’s charismatic leadership theory?

Answer 14

Followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership when they observe certain behaviour

Question 15

How can charismatic leaders influence followers?

Answer 15

1. articulate attractive vision
2. instill confidence and set high expectations for followers
3. convey new set of values by setting example
4. Demonstrates conviction about vision

Question 16

What is the trait exclusive to level 5 leaders?

Answer 16

blend of personal humility and professional will

Question 17

What are the characteristics of transactional leaders?

Answer 17

Contingent Reward - contracts exchange of reward for effort, promises reward for good performance, recognizes accomplishments
Management by Exception (active) - watches and observes for deviations from rules/ standards, takes corrective actions
Management by Exception (passive) - Intervenes only if standards are not met
Laissez-Faire Leader - avoids making decision
Idealized Influence - provides vision and sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect and trust

Question 18

Define Transactional Leaders

Answer 18

Leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirement

Question 19

Define Transformational Leaders

Answer 19

Inspire followers to transcend their own self interests for the good of the organization

Question 20

What are the issues with Transformational Leadership?

Answer 20

Basis for actions- encourages followers to be more creative and innovative by providing ambitious goals
Evaluation Based On Research - style of leadership is taught and doesn’t hold correlation with desired outcomes
transformational vs charismatic leadership - broader version of charisma and measures roughly equivalent

Question 21

Mentor

Answer 21

A senior employee who sponsors and supports a less experienced employee. Provides career and psychological support

Question 22

Coach

Answer 22

Encourages individual to do the best they can and frequently checks on them to make sure they do so

Question 23

Self- Leadership/ Management

Answer 23

A set of processes through which individuals control their own behavior

Question 24

Team Leadership

Answer 24

Roles of leader divided among multiple people. Requires trust, patience, giving up authority and knowing when to intervene

Question 25

Online Leadership

Answer 25

Digitally provided leadership. Requires identification based trust (based on mutual understanding of each other’s intentions and appreciation of desires and wants) .

Question 26

What are the benefits of leading without authority?

Answer 26

Latitude for creative deviance - easier to raise questions
Issue Focus - freedom to focus on single issue
frontline information - closer to people who have info

Question 27

authentic leaders

Answer 27

ethical people who know who they are, understand their beliefs and values and act on them openly and candidly. They build trust by sharing info, openly communication, and sticking to their ideals.

Question 28

Socialized charismatic leadership (related to moral leadership)

Answer 28

leadership that conveys selflessness via ethical conduct

Question 29

What are the 4 cornerstones to a “moral foundation of leadership

Answer 29

truth-telling, promising keeping, fairness, respect to the individual