Chapter 1

Question 1

Define Organizational Behaviour

Answer 1

A field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups, and structure on behaviour within organizations with the goal of applying this knowledge to improve the organization

Question 2

Define Organization

Answer 2

A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of a group of people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.

Question 3

Define Systematic Study

Answer 3

Looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing con- clusions based on scientific evidence

Question 4

Define Evidence-Based Management

Answer 4

Basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence

Question 5

Define Intuition

Answer 5

A gut feeling not necessarily supported by research

Question 6

Contingency Approach

Answer 6

An approach taken by OB that considers behaviour within the context in which it occurs

Question 7

Define Workforce Diversity

Answer 7

The mix of people in organizations in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, disability, sex- ual orientation, age, and demographic characteristics such as education and socio-economic status

Question 8

Define positive organizational scholarships

Answer 8

An area of OB research that concerns how organizations develop human strength, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential

Question 9

Define Ethical Dilemmas and ethical choices

Answer 9

Situations in which individuals are required to define right and wrong conduct

Question 10

Define Ethics

Answer 10

The study of moral values or principles that guide our behaviour and inform us whether actions are right or wrong.

Question 11

Define Model

Answer 11

An abstraction of reality.

A simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon

Question 12

Define Input

Answer 12

Variables that lead to processes

Question 13

Define Processes

Answer 13

Actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes.

Question 14

Define outcomes

Answer 14

Key factors that are affected by some other variables.

Question 15

Define Attitudes

Answer 15

Evaluations individuals make about objects, people, or events.

Question 16

Define Stress

Answer 16

An unpleasant psychological process that occurs in response to environmental pressures.

Question 17

Define Task Performance

Answer 17

The combina- tion of effectiveness and efficiency at doing your core job tasks.

Question 18

Define organizational citizenship behaviour(OCB)

Answer 18

Discretionary behaviour that is not part of an employee’s formal job requirements, but that nevertheless promotes the effective functioning of the organization.

Question 19

Define withdrawal behaviour

Answer 19

The set of actions employees take to separate themselves from the organization.

Question 20

Define Group Cohesion

Answer 20

The extent to which members of a group support and validate one another while at work.

Question 21

define group functioning

Answer 21

The quantity and quality of a work group’s output.

Question 22

define productivity

Answer 22

The combination of the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization.

Question 23

Define effectiveness

Answer 23

The degree to which an organization meets the needs of its clientele or customers.

Question 24

Define efficiency

Answer 24

The degree to which an organization can achieve its ends at a low cost.

Question 25

Define Organizational Survival

Answer 25

Thedegree to which an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term.

Question 26

What disciplines is OBHR based on?

Answer 26

OB is built on contributions from a number of behavioural disciplines, including psychology, sociology, social psychology, and anthropology.

Question 27

How does knowing about organizational behaviour make work and life more understandable?

Answer 27

From a management point of view, knowing OB can help you manage well. Managing people well pays off. It may also lead employees to have greater organizational commitment.

Question 28

What challenges do managers and employees face in the workplace of the twenty-first century?

Answer 28

At the group level, we encounter workforce diversity and working with others.Perhaps the greatest challenge individuals face is how to behave ethically motivation and job satisfaction.