Chapter 8

Question 1

CSF

Answer 1

Clear colorless fluid
Produced by the chorid plexus
Circulates from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space around the CNS
Protects the brain and spinal cord
Reduces brain weight by more than 95% 

Participates in the removal of harmful substances and waste
Replaced three times every 24 hours

Question 2

circulation of CSF

Answer 2

Flows from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen
Third ventricle drains to the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct
From fourth ventricle CSF enters the subarachnoid space through three openings
From the subarachnoid space flows up to the brain and down to the spinal cord

Question 3

foramina of luschka

Answer 3

also called lateral aperature (there are 2)

Question 4

lateral aperature

Answer 4

The lateral aperture is a paired structure in human anatomy. It is an opening in each lateral extremity of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle of the human brain, which also has a single median aperture. The two lateral apertures provide a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid to flow from the brain’s ventricular system into the subarachnoid space;

Question 5

Foramen of magendie

Answer 5

also called median aperature

Question 6

median aperature

Answer 6

The median aperture (also known as the medial aperture, and foramen of Magendie) drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the fourth ventricle into the cisterna magna.

Question 7

hydrocephalus causes

Answer 7

Increased production of CSF
Blocking of the drainage of CSF from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space
Impaired CSF absorption in the subarachnoid space

Question 8

hydrocephalus types

Answer 8

communicating and non communicating (and secondary types)

Question 9

communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 9

Inadequate drainage of the CSF into the sinus
Access t the subarachnoid space through the foramina of magendie and luschka is open and functional

Caused by choroid tumor and inflammation (meningitis)

Question 10

Obstructive (non communicating) hydrocephalus

Answer 10

Flow from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space is blocked

Most common site of obstruction is the cerebral aqueduct

Mesencephalic tumor
Stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct

Question 11

Secondary types

Answer 11

Ex vacua
Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Ex vacua is brain atrophy, causes generalized cortical atrophy

Normal pressure

Traumatic injuries and brain inflammation (meningitis, subarachnoid tumor