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Neuroanatomy > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the somatosensory system?

A

The somatosensory system is the part of the sensory system concerned with the conscious perception of touch, pressure, pain, temperature, position, movement, and vibration, which arise from the muscles, joints, skin, and fascia.

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2
Q

Somatosensation

A

Bodily experienced external and internal sensations
Includes sense of pain, temperature, touch and proprioception
Begins with receptors in the skin, muscles, joints and blood vessels

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3
Q

Types of somatic sensation

A

Mechanoreception
Thermoreception
Nociception

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4
Q

Mechanoreception

A

Touch, pressure, vibration (tactile) and kinesthesia

Touch is divided into fine discriminative and diffuse

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5
Q

Thermoreception

A

Sensation of cold and heat

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6
Q

Nocioception

A

Pain related to tissue destruction

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7
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Encapsulated endings
Free nerve endings
Expanded tip endings

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8
Q

Encapsulated endings

A 
Subcutaneous tissues
Skin
Fingertips
Palms
Lips
External genitals
Most sensitive
Mediate sensations of vibration and fine discriminative touch
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9
Q

What is the somatosensory system divided into?

A

Divided into the

Dorsal column medial lemniscal system
Anterolateral system

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10
Q

Dorsal column medial lemniscal

A

Also called epicritic system
Mediates postural position sense
Fine discriminative touch

Stereognosis
graphesthesia

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11
Q

Stereognosis

A

the mental perception of depth or three-dimensionality by the senses, usually in reference to the ability to perceive the form of solid objects by touch.

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12
Q

graphesthesia

A

Graphesthesia is the ability to recognize writing on the skin purely by the sensation of touch. Its name derives from Greek graphē (“writing”) and aisthēsis (“perception”).

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13
Q

Neural pathways

A

Fasiculus gracilis
Fasiculus cuneatus

Both mediate discriminative touch from different body regions

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14
Q

Fasiculus gracilis

A

Transmits information from the lower half of the body to the dorsal caudal medulla
Fibers cross midline to merge with fasciculus cuneatus
Then to the thalamus
Then to the sensory cortex in the parietal lobe

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15
Q

Clinical correlates

A

Sensory loss
Cognitive deficits
Tactile agnosia
astereognosis

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16
Q

Fasiculus gracilis

A

Transmits information from the lower half of the body to the dorsal caudal medulla
Fibers cross midline to merge with fasciculus cuneatus
Then to the thalamus
Then to the sensory cortex in the parietal lobe

17
Q

Fasciculus cuneatus

A

Carries sensation from the upper body and the entire spinal cord above the mid thoracic level

Fibers ascend ipsilaterally to the dorsal caudal medulla
Decussate in medulla
Thalamus
Then to sensory cortex in the parietal lobe

18
Q

Anterolateral system

A

Is a sensory pathway from the skin to the thalamus. Also called the protopathic system.
Divided into
lateral spinothalamic
anterior spinothalamic

19
Q

Lateral spinothalamic tract

A

Carries sensation of pain and temperature

Begins receptors of the skin

20
Q

Lateral spinothalamic tract clinical correlates

A

Alteration in the perception of pain and temperature

Phantom limb

21
Q

Types of altered response to pain

A

Analgesia
Hypalgesia
hyperalgesia

22
Q

Thermal sensation

A

Athermia or thermal anesthesia
Hypothermia
hyperthermia

23
Q

Anterior spinothalamic

A

Backup system to the lateral spinothalamic tract
Diffuse touch
Damage to this tract does not cause any obvious clinical correlates
Only when the spinal cord is completely severed

24
Q

Sensory pathways for the head and face

A

Trigeminal nerve is the principal sensory nerve for the face and head

25
Q

Three branches of the trigeminal nerve

A

Three branches

Maxillary
Opthalamic
Mandibular

26
Q

Clinical correlates to damage to the trigeminal nerve.

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

Excruciating pain in the ipsilateral half of the face

27
Q

Unconscious proprioception

A

Ventral spinocerebellar tract
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
Cuneocerebellar

All go to the cerebellum

28
Q

Clinical Correlates

A

Hard to determine because serves as a back up system for the dorsal column medial lemniscal system

Neuroanatomy (16 decks)

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