Chapter 14

Question 1

cerebellum function

Answer 1

Regulation of movement
Participates in motor planning
Monitors all cortical output to muscles

Question 2

peduncles

Answer 2

Cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the brain stem. There are six cerebellar peduncles in total, three on each side:
inferior
middle
superior

Question 3

superior peduncle

Answer 3

is a paired structure of white matter that connects the cerebellum to the midbrain.

Question 4

middle peduncle

Answer 4

connect the cerebellum to the pons and are composed entirely of centripetal fibers.

Question 5

inferior peduncle

Answer 5

is a thick rope-like strand that occupies the upper part of the posterior district of the medulla oblongata.

Question 6

Ataxia

Answer 6

Lack of order and coordination in muscle activities
Movements are clumsy and decomposed into segments
Muscle weakness
Ipsilateral
Asynergia

Question 7

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 7

the medical term for an impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements

Failure in the sequential progression of motor activities
Clumsiness in rapid alternating movements
Pa ta ka

Question 8

Dysarthria

Answer 8

Impaired ability to make the needed modifications and alterations in ongoing oral facial movements
Muscle weakness
Ataxic dysarthria

Question 9

Dysmetria

Answer 9

refers to a lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye. It is a type of ataxia. Error in the judgment of the range or the distance to the target movement
Can fall short of the target called under shooting
Fall past the target called overshooting

Question 10

Intention tremor

Answer 10

a trembling of a part of the body when attempting a precise movement, associated especially with disease of the cerebellum.
Results from impaired ability to dampen accessory movements during a skilled movement sequence
During a movement, the tremor becomes more severe as the target is approached

Question 11

Hypotonia

Answer 11

commonly known as floppy baby syndrome, is a state of low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to stretch in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength.

Question 12

Rebounding

Answer 12

The Holmes rebound phenomenon is a reflex that occurs when one attempts to move a limb against resistance that is suddenly removed.

Impaired motor tone adjustment
Loss of rapid and precise corrective response

Question 13

Disequilibrium

Answer 13

Predominantly effects the legs
Gait is unsteady
Body wavers toward the side of the lesion
Similar to being drunk