Chapter 19

Question 1

Cerebral Cortex functions

Answer 1

Higher mental functions

Reasoning
Memory
Language
Speech
Calculations
Praxis
Recognition of objects

Question 2

Frontal Lobe

Answer 2

Contains primary motor cortex
Carries map of the contralateral side of the body
Contains premotor cortex
 Broca's area (Broca aphasia)
Executive functions
Working memory

Question 3

Frontal Love Clinical Correlates

Answer 3

lack of inhibition of speech
Individuals may have a totally changed personality, poor impulse control and sociopathic behavior
Lesions resemble psychiatric disorders

Question 4

Left Parietal Lobe deficits

Answer 4

Agraphia
Acalculia
Right left confusion
Finger agnosia

Question 5

Lesions of right parietal lobe

Answer 5

Left side neglect
Denial of the presence of a motor deficit (anosognosia)
Dressing apraxia
Inability to draw or read a map
difficulty with spatial relations
Lack of emotional intonation of speech

Question 6

temporal lobe

Answer 6

Primary auditory cortex
Wernicke

Pure word deafness
auditory agnosia
Appreciation of rhythm and musical qualities
Bilateral lesions can cause loss of new learning and recent memory

Question 7

Occipital Lobe

Answer 7

Primary visual cortex

Contralateral hemianopic visual field defect in both eyes
Bilateral may cause cortical blindness

Question 8

Motor Speech Disorders

Answer 8

Dysarthria

apraxia

Question 9

Dysarthria Types

Answer 9

Flaccid
Spastic
Ataxic	
Hypokinetic
Hyperkinetic
mixed

Question 10

Apraxia

Answer 10

Abnormal articulation of sequences of phonemes
Inconsistent errors
Inability to program sequences of sounds especially consonants
Difficulty with initial consonants
Groping behavior
Apraxia of speech is rarely seen without aphasia
Broca aphasia

Question 11

Aphasia

Answer 11

Acquired disorder of language functions secondary to brain disease

Broca
Wernicke
Global
Conduction
Anomic
Transcortical (motor and sensory)

Question 12

Broca

Answer 12

Nonfluent
dysarthria
Ungrammatical speech
Anomia
Auditory comprehension is relatively intact
Difficulty comprehending complex syntax
Writing deficits

Question 13

Wernicke

Answer 13

Fluent
Verbalizations are meaningless
Overabundance of stock phrases and idioms
Numerous verbal paraphasias
Neologisms
Jargon speech
Auditory comprehension severely impaired
Impaired repetition
Reading comprehension
Writing impairments without hemiparesis

Question 14

Global Aphasia

Answer 14

Sum of the deficits of Broca and Wernicke
Nonfluent or mute
Impaired comprehension
All elements of language are severely impaired

Question 15

Conduction Aphasia

Answer 15

Occurs in less that 10% of aphasia
Repetition is the most severely affecting modality
Spontaneous speech is fluent with literal paraphasias
Auditory comprehension is normal

Question 16

Anomic

Answer 16

Naming is the most severe deficit
Speaks fluently with pauses and circumlocutions
Alzheimer disease

Question 17

Transcortical

Answer 17

Motor

Similar to Broca except may remain mute
Whisper
One or two word answers
Normal auditory comprehension

Sensory

Wernicke like
Fluent speech but paraphasic
Auditory comprehension is severely impaired
Repetition intact

Question 18

Alexia

Answer 18

Disordered reading

Alexia with Agraphia
Alexia without Agraphia

Question 19

agnosia

Answer 19

Disorders of recognition

Visual agnosia
Prosopagnosia
Auditory agnosia
Astereognosis
agraphesthesia

Question 20

dementia

Answer 20

Gradual deterioration of previously intact cognitive functions secondary to diffuse rather than focal brain disease

Memory loss with at least one additional cognitive function
Anomia
Fluency of spontaneous speech
Repetition intact

Later stages reading writing, and auditory comprehension begin to deteriorate

Question 21

TBI

Answer 21

Major cause of death and disability particularly in young people
Initially cause coma
Bruising of the brain
Impaired cognition\uninhibited and inappropriate behavior