Chapter 15 Flashcards
Correlates of Basil ganglia dysfunction
Athetosis Ballism Chorea Tremor Dystonia Myoclonus
athetosis
Slow, involuntary twisting of predominantly upper limb and speech muscles
accompanied by varying degrees of hypertonia in between movements
Athetosis of the buccofacial muscles causes dysarthria
Writhing movements
Ballism
Forceful, swinging, jerky and sudden movements of the arms and the legs
May also involve the neck muscles
hemiballism
Chorea
Brief rhythmic and jerky yet graceful involuntary movements involving multiple muscles
tremor
Most common form of dyskinesia
Alternating motor activity in one or more parts of the body
Caused by alternate contracting of the opposing muscle
dystonia
Sustained involuntary movements
Spasmodic torticollis
myoclonus
Muscle contractions that are isolated and repetitive
Can affect the movements of speech muscles
Etiology unknown
tics
Basal Ganglia Diseases
Parkinson disease
Huntington Chorea
Wilson disease
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Parkinson
Best understood BG disease
Progressive condition
Involuntary tremulous motion with rigidity
Stooped posture
Primary Symptoms of Parkinson
Tremor at rest Bradykinesia Loss of postural reflexes Micrographia Akinesia Shuffling gait Expressionless face
Treatment of Parkinson
L dopa
Stereotatic surgery
Huntington Chorea
Huntington disease (HD) Hereditary transmission Adult onset Chorea Dementia dysarthria
Wilson Disease
Progressive disease 10 to 15 years of age Disorder of cooper metabolism Degeneration of internal brain regions primarily the BG Cirrhosis of the liver Increased muscle rigidity Tremor Dysarthria Progressive dementia
Progressive supranuclear palsy
Slowly progressive degenerative condition of the brain cells Mimics Parkinson symptoms of gait difficulty Movement disorder Imbalance Rigidity Loss of voluntary eye movements Dysarthria Dysphagia Personality changes
