Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define State

A

An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established gov. that has control over its internal and foreign affairs /A country

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2
Q

Define Sovereignty

A

independence from control of its internal affairs by other states

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3
Q

Why is important to know the locations of states, and what are the largest six states?

A

You would lack the basic frame of reference knowing where things are

Russia, US. Canada, China, Brazil, and Australia

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4
Q

When was the United Nations created and by whom?

A

In 1945 by the Victorious Allies of World War II

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5
Q

What does the United Nations do?

A

Address global economic problems, promote human rights, and provide humanitarian relief

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6
Q

Who are the five permanent members of UN Security Council and what can they do?

A

US, China, UK, Russia, France

Can veto a peacekeeping operation

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7
Q

What challenges exist in unifying North and South Korea

A

North Korea is Communist
South Korea is Capitalist

(South Korea is further along developed than North Korea)

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8
Q

Do most people regard China and Taiwan as one or two sovereign states?
What is China’s opinion?

A

Other countries consider China and Taiwan as two sovereign states but China sees Taiwan apart of their country

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9
Q

During the time between China figuring out its gov system what did US falsely claim ruled over China?
Why?

A

Taiwan
Taiwan-Communist China-Nationalist
(Taiwan is not apart of the UN)
US supported the Nationalist during World War 1

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10
Q

Most African countries see the Western Sahara as independent, but which country does not?

A

Morocco

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11
Q

On which continent are there no states?

A

Antarctica

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12
Q

Which states have made conflicts over overlapping territory in Antarctica?
How many claims have been heard?

A

Argentina, Chile, UK

None

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13
Q

Referring to the Arctic Theory what is and is not allowed in the Antarctica?
Why might countries be interested in that continent??

A

States may establish research stations but no military activity
Thought to have rich in energy resources

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14
Q

Where did the ancient states evolve?

Political unity in the ancient world reached its peak____?

A

Ancient Middle East

Roman Empire

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15
Q

Define City-State?

Describe the evolution of European States?

A
  • city that comprise a town and surrounding countryside

- a handful of powerful kings emerged as rulers, much of Europe consolidated into a handful of Empires

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16
Q

Define Self-determination?

Define nation-state? When did it arise?

A
  • the idea that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
  • a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity
    • In Europe during the 19th century and Western Europe
    • the movement to identify nationalist on the basis of language spread everywhere else in Europe
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17
Q

Define multiethnic state:

Define multinational state:

A
  • state/country that contains more than one ethnicity

- country that contains more than one ethnicity with traditions of self-determination

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18
Q

Why is Denmark a good example of a perfect state-nation?

Why is Denmark not a good example of a perfect state-nation?

A

Good
- the Danes have a strong sense of unity that derives from shared cultural characteristics and attitudes

Not

  • they have 2 large ethnic groups from Turkey and refugees from Yugoslavia
  • Denmark controls two territories where few ethnic Danes live
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19
Q

Give 2 examples of centripetal forces used by communist in Eastern Europe.

A
  • writers and artists were pressured to conform to a style known as “social realism”, emphasized Communist and political values
  • Use of Russian Language as promoted
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20
Q

Identify 4 regions other than Russia apart of the Soviet Union.

A

Baltic, European, Central Asian, and Caucasus States

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21
Q

What are 2 similarities and 2 differences of Baltic States and Eastern Europe?

A

Similarity:
-All of former union

Differences:

  • Baltic
    • Only 1 country can be determined as nation-state (Lithuania)
    • Have a clear cultural tradition and distinct historical traditions
  • European
    • All 3 republics fit nation-states (Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine)
    • The distinctions are somewhat blurred
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22
Q

What is the dominant language family ad religion of Central Asian States?

A

Muslim

Altaic Language

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23
Q

What were 3 motivations for European Colonization?

A

To promote Christianity
Extract useful resources and to serve as captive markets
Establish power through the number of colonies

24
Q

Where are most present colonies located?

A

Are islands in the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea

25
Q

Describe Hong Kong’s relationship to China?

A

-Hong Kong is attached to the mainland
China
-Hong Kong is classified as a special administrator region, it has autonomy from the rest of China but not foreign affairs and military

26
Q

Why has Russia fought Chechyna from gaining independence?

A

I feared other ethnicities would follow suit, the region had a deposits of petroleum

27
Q

What are two main types of Boundaries?

A

Physical and cultural

28
Q

List 3 types of physical conflicts?

A

Desert (Africa and Asia)
Mountain- permanent and usually sparsely inhabited
Water- Rio Grande boundary that has changed over time

29
Q

What are two types of cultural boundaries?

A

Geometric- Northern US and Canada, Alaska and Yukon Territory, Chad and Libya
Ethnic- Island of Eire (Ireland) Northern is Protestant and Southern is Roman Catholic

30
Q

List 5 examples of states in Europe that coincide to a distinctive language?

A

England, France, Portugal, Spain, Germany

31
Q

What are the two nationalities that live on Cyprus?

A

Turkish- North and Greek- South

32
Q

Summarize the case study of Cyprus:

A
  • Turkish were granted freedom from Greek lifestyle (culture, religion)
  • Greek officers in favor of unification seized the government and took control
  • Turkey invaded Cyprus to protect the Turkish people and restore peace
  • A wall was made by the UN that divides Turkish and Greek citizens
33
Q

Identify the 5 shapes of states:

A

-Compact- ideally shaped like a circle withe capital at the center;
Pro: Good communications can be established by regions
Con: Experience civil wars and ethnic rivalries
-Elongated-long and narrow shape
Con: suffer from poor internal communications
-Prorupted- like a compact state with an extension
Pro: provides state with resources and can separate another state from sharing a boundary
-Perforated- State that completely surrounds another one
Con: the state surrounded is totally dependent on the surrounding state
Fragmented- several discontinuous pieces of territory
Con: hinders communication and maintaining national unity

34
Q

What is a major disadvantage of landlocked states?

A

Lacks a direct outlet to a sea because it is completely surrounded by other countries
(15 In Africa)

35
Q

Define Federal State:

A

allocates strong power to units of local government within the country

36
Q

Define Unitary State:

A

Place most power in the hands of central government officials

37
Q

In which situations does a unitary system work best?

A

In nation-states characterized by few internal cultural differences and a strong sense of national unity
Eg: Kenya/Rwanda and France

38
Q

In which situations does a federal system work best?

A

Suitable for very large states, national capital may be too remote for other regions
Eg: Russia, United States

39
Q

Define Gerrymandering:

A

process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power

40
Q

Give 3 examples of gerrymandering:

A

Wasted vote
Excess vote
Stacked vote

41
Q

What were two main superpowers during Cold War?

A

Soviet Union and United States

42
Q

How has the nature of warfare and alliances changed since the Cold War?

A
  • Warfare is left often conventional and more often state vs organization or internal within state
  • Alliances are more often Economic
43
Q

What are some examples in which US and Soviet Union used military force to prevent an ally from becoming independent?

A

Soviet Union- Czechoslovakia

US- Latin America (Dominican Republic)

44
Q

Define Balance of Power:

A

A condition of roughly equal strength between opposing alliances

45
Q

Summarize Cuban Missile Crisis

A
  • Fidel Castro took over Cuba (Communism)

- Allowed Soviet Union to put nuclear weapon in Cuba, capable of hitting US

46
Q

Define NATO:

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

-military alliance among democratic states (US) and European States

47
Q

Define Warsaw Pact:

A
  • military agreement among communist east Europe countries
  • To protect from NATO
  • Defend each other in case of an attack
  • Dissolved during breakup of Soviet Union
48
Q

Define European Union:

A
  • Economic Cooperation between European Countries

- designed to heal Western Europe from WW2

49
Q

Who controls interest rates and inflation in Europe?

A

European Central Bank

50
Q

Identify 3 effects of the global recession on the Eurozone?

A

Greece,Ireland,Italy, and Spain have been forced to implement harsher policies
- Cutting services and higher taxes
Germany has been forced to subsidize the weaker states

51
Q

Identify 4 other Supranational Organizations:

A

AU: African Union Keep security in Africa
ASEAN: Economic cooperation, in South Africa
Mercosur: Economic cooperation Southern South America-Brazil
NAFTA: Economic cooperation between US, Canada, and Mexico

52
Q

Define Terrorism:

A

Systematic use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population or government

53
Q

How is terrorism different from other forms of warfare?

A

Attacks are at ordinary people rather than military targets or political leaders

54
Q

Describe 2 examples of terrorism committed by Americans against Americans:

A
  • Theodore J. Kaczynski (Unabomber) was convicted of killing people and injuring by sending bombs in the mail to academics in technology and business executives
  • Timothy J. McVeugh was convicted and executed for the Oklahoma City bombing, motive was provoked by rage against US Gov
55
Q

Who perpetrated the 9/ll/2001 attack in the US

A

Osama Bin Laden