Chapter 7 Flashcards
Race vs Ethnicity
Race: Deals with a groups physical characteristics Eg: (skin color) Ethnicity: Deals also with their cultural background and shared history Eg: African-American in Southeast/Northern cities, Hispanic Southwest
What is Sharecropping?
- farmers rented land, gave owner portion of crops - early decline in sharecropping, increased demand for factory workers up North led to migration to cities
What is Blockbusting and Redlining?
Blockbusting: practice where real estate agents would convince white homeowners to sell their homes by telling them the ethnic makeup of the neighborhood was changing (Led to white flight) Redlining: when bank refuses to lend money to people in certain neighborhoods
What is an Apartheid?
system of racial segregation in South Africa -4 races colored, black, white, and asian -created 10 homelands and tried to force every black to become a citizen of one -Ended in 1991 when Nelson Mandela was elected the first black president
Centripetal and Centrifugal forces:
Centripetal forces: forces that unite people Centrifugal forces: divides forces/ pull people apart
Ethnic conflict in Key Issue 3:
Somalia: Made up of clans and sub-clans, the clans had warfare in 1990s, warlords used food as a weapon, failed US intervention Lebanon: In early 20th century Lebanon had a majority of Maronite Christians who held a majority of power, then Muslims were majority of the population but Christians still held most of the power Kurds: The Kurds are an ethnicity that wants to have a country but cannot (stateless nation). Occupy the intersection of Turkey, Iraq, and Iran
Ethnic conflicts in South Asia:
India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh where formerly one country.Split after independence. Ethnic tensions surfaced between Muslims and Hindus over political control. India is now the area that is mostly Hindu, Pakistan and Bangladesh are mostly muslims. Kashmir (on border) is mostly muslims but controlled by India. Conflict!
Conflicts in Sri Lanka
-Tamils (hindu) speak a dravidian language in the North -Sinhalese are buddhist in the South -The two ethnics groups have been fighting over 20 years becasue tamils feel discrimated by Sinhalese
Ethnic Cleansing and Genocide?
Ethnic cleansing: process by which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one to create an ethnically homogenous society Genocide: attempt to exterminate an ethnic group or race
Conflict in Yugoslavia;
-former communist country made up 6 republics and 3 religions -Serbians; Orthodox -Bosnian Muslims; Islam -Croatians; Catholic -Albanians; Islam -Slovenes; Catholic - Macedonians; Orthodox -held together by Tito -After Titos death the republics began to break away -Serbs and Croatians began ethnic cleansing against Bosnian Muslims that had their respective peoples living there -Serbs also cleansed Albanians in Kosovo
Balkinazation
breakdown of a state into mutually hostile units Eg: Yugoslavia
