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AP Human Geography > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a language branch?

A

Division of language family, group of more closely related languages with a common ancestor (existed during recorded history)
Ex: Spanish and Portuguese (Romance Branch)

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2
Q

What are the two largest languages families?

A

Indo-European, Sino Tibetan

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3
Q

Where is the Sino-Tibetan Language spoke?

A

Mainly China, parts if S.E Asia

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4
Q

What is the most common sopken Chinese Language ?

What is the writing system for Chinese language?

A

Mandarin, Cantonese also important

Ideograms; symbols that represent concepts not phonetics

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5
Q

What is the major language of the Afro Asiatic family?

Why do a large percentage of the World’s muslim have a working knowledge of Arabic even if they live outside Southwest Asia! North Africa?

A

Arabic

Koran originally written Arabic

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6
Q

What other Afro-Asiatic language is religious significance on. a global scale?

A

Hebrew, language of the Torah (Judaism)

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7
Q

What is the most widely spoken Altaic language?

A

Turkish

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8
Q

What is the most important Niger Congo language?

A

Swahili

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9
Q

What is language family?

A

Group of languages that have a common ancestor, which existed before recorded history. Largest
and most complex group of related languages

Ex; Indo European

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10
Q

What dialects are defined as regional variations of language

A

Vocabulary
Pronunciation
Spelling

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11
Q

Define isogloss

Define standard language

A

Language usage boundary
Eg: soda vs pop

official form of a language. Dialect and grammatical rules accepted as proper

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12
Q

Why did dialect differences in the eastern United States emerge

A

Varying origins of settlers. Isolation in the past

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13
Q

What effect has mass media had on many words

A

media has created a more uniform dialect in the United States

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14
Q

What is the standard language form of English

A

British Received Pronunciation

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15
Q

Explain how the Treaty of Tordesillas affect the distribution of languages in thr New World

A

Confined Portugal’s conquest in New World to Brazil

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16
Q

What are the two boundary in Europe that run through Belgium?

A

Southern Belgium are known as Walloons and speak French

Northern Belgium are known as Flemings and speak Flemish

17
Q

What is a cultural conflict that lies between Northern and Southern Belgium?

A

Along a cultural fault line that divides Germanic and Latin Europe

18
Q

How many distinct languages are spoken in Europe?

What happened as a result of this?

A

Too many! No language spoken by a majority of people, creates misunderstanding and conflict.

Isolated Languages

19
Q

What is the only surviving language in Europe that predates Indo European?

Where are speakers of this language located?

What helps them preserve their language and culture?

A

Basque

Pyrenees Mts. between Spain and France

Isolation and protection of Mts.

20
Q

What makes Hebrew unique among extinct languages?

What religion is Hebrew most important to?

A

Revived and now used in daily conversation in Israel

Judaism

21
Q

What is Celtic?

Why are Celtic languages of interest to English speakers?

A

small branch of Indo-European language

Many English speakers have Celtic ancestors

22
Q

How has the distribution of Celtic changed over 2,000 years?

A

Most Celtic speakers are gone

23
Q

Define Lingua Franca:

A

Language of international communication: English (Global) Mandarin, Swahili, Russian (Regional)

24
Q

Define Pidgin Language:

A

Simplified form of a language, or a combination of languages

25
Q

Where did the Angles, Jutes and, and Saxons come from?

A

Denmark

26
Q

Which French group invaded English?

A

Normans

27
Q

What are the 5 Indo-European groups?

A 
Latin (Romance)
Proto Germanic
Aryans (Indo-Iranian)
Slavonic (Balto Slavic)
Celtic
28
Q

Name the subgroups in the Romance Branch?

A

Romanian, Italian, French, Spanish,& Portuguese

29
Q

Name the subgroups in the Proto Germanic Branch?

A

German, Danish, Icelandic, & English

30
Q

Name the subgroups in the slavonic branch?

A

Russian, Polish, and Serbo-Croatian

31
Q

Name the subgroups in the Aryans branch?

A

Hindu, Farsi, and Urdu

32
Q

From what language did all Romance languages descend?

A

Latin

AP Human Geography (9 decks)

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