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BIO 201 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are DNA’s 4 nitrogen bases?

A

Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine, and Guanine

Adenine pairs with Thymine
Cytosine pairs with Guanine

in RNA Thymine is replaced by Uracil. Pairs with Adenine.

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2
Q

What are the two groups of DNA’s nitrogen bases?

A

Pyrimidines and Purines.

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3
Q

Which group do Thymine and Cytosine belong to?

A

Pyrimidine group.

They each have a single six-member ring.

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4
Q

Which group do Guanine and Adenine belong to?

A

The Purine group.

They each have a double ring made up of a 5-atom ring attached by one side to a 6-atom ring.

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5
Q

What is another word for “joint”?

A

ARTICULATION

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6
Q

Elbow joint:

A

CUBITAL joint

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7
Q

How are joints classified?

A
  1. Structurally: fibrous/cartilaginous/or synovial and whether a fluid filled joint capsule is present.
  2. According to their degree of motion: non-movable to freely movable.
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8
Q

Non-movable joints are called:

A

Synarthroses

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9
Q

Slightly movable joints are called:

A

Amphiarthroses

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10
Q

Freely movable joints are called:

A

Diarthroses

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11
Q

These joints consist of two bones that are connected by fibrous connective tissue, have not joint cavity, and exhibit little or no movement:

A

FIBROUS joints

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12
Q

Seems between the bones of the skull:

A

SUTURES

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13
Q

The 2 layers of periosteum plus the dense fibrous connective tissue in between the two bones forms a:

A

SUTURAL

LIGAMENT

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14
Q

When the sutures have a membranous area (in infants) it is called a “little fountain” or:

A

FONTANEL

It gets its name from occasionally being able to see the pulse.

These allow the skull flexibility during birth as well as the major growth they experience their first 2 years of development.

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15
Q

This fibrous joint contains bones that are farther apart than in a suture and are joined by ligaments:

A

SYNDESMOSIS

Ex: Radioulnar syndesmosis, which binds the radius and the ulna together.

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16
Q

Specialized joints consisting of pegs that fit into sockets and are held in place by fine bundles of regular collagenous connective tissue:

A

GOMPHOSES

The only ones in the human body are the joints between the teeth and the sockets (alveoli) of the mandible and maxillae.

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17
Q

What are the connective tissue bundles between the teeth and the sockets called?

A

Periodontal ligaments

They allow slight amount of “give” to the teeth during mastication.

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18
Q

What are the 4 sutures in the adult skull?

A
  1. Lambdoid
  2. Coronal
  3. Sagittal
  4. Squamous
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19
Q

What are joints containing hyaline cartilage called?

A

Synchondroses

Synchondrosis consist of two bones joined by hyaline cartilage where little or no movement occurs.

Ex: epiphyseal plates of growing bones are synchondroses. Most synchondroses are temporary.

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20
Q

What are joints containing fibrocartilage called?

A

Symphyses.

A symphysis consists of fibrocartilage uniting two bones. Ex: junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum, the symphysis pubis, and the intervertebral disks.

21
Q

What is the proper anatomical name for the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint

22
Q

The acetabulum is deepened and strengthened by a lip of fibrocartilage called the ?

A

Acetabular labrum

Which is incomplete inferiorly, and by a transverse acetabular ligament, which crosses the acetabular notch on the inferior edge of the acetabulum.

23
Q

The fluid filled spaced found in synovial joints is called:

A

The joint cavity

24
Q

main part of bone

A

body

25
Q

enlarged end

A

head

26
Q

constriction between head and body

A

neck

27
Q

edge

A

margin or border

28
Q

bend

A

angle

29
Q

branch off body

A

ramus

30
Q

smooth rounded articular surface

A

condyle

31
Q

small flattened articular surface

A

facet

32
Q

prominent projection

A

process

33
Q

small rounded bump

A

tubercle

34
Q

knob

A

tuberosity

35
Q

tuberosities on proximal femur

A

trochanter

36
Q

near or above condyle

A

epicondyle

37
Q

low ridge

A

line or linea

38
Q

prominent ridge

A

crest or crista

39
Q

very high ridge

A

spine

40
Q

hole

A

foramen

41
Q

tunnel

A

canal or meatus

42
Q

cleft

A

fissure

43
Q

cavity

A

sinus or labyrinth

44
Q

The articular surfaces of bones that meet at a synovial joint are enclosed within a synovial joint cavity, which is surrounded by?

A

Joint capsule.

This capsule helps hold the bones together while still allowing for movement. It consists of 2 layers:

  1. An outer fibrous capsule (dense irregular CT)
  2. An inner synovial membrane (thin, delicate, produces synovial fluid and is made up of a collection of modified CT)
45
Q

The 4 muscles that hold the humeral head tightly within the glenoid cavity are collectively called the:

A

Rotator cuff.

46
Q

General term for a depression:

A

Fossa

47
Q

Depression in bone margin:

A

Notch

48
Q

Little pit:

A

Fovea

49
Q

Deeper, narrow depression:

A

Groove or Sulcus

BIO 201 (11 decks)

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