Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 201 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties; composed of the same type of atoms?

A

ELEMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the smallest particle of an element that have chemical characteristics of that element?

A

ATOM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 elements that the human body is made mostly of?

A

Oxygen 65%
Carbon 18.6%
Hydrogen 9.7%
Nitrogen 3.2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the sum of all of the anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body called?

A

METABOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is ANABOLISM?

A

A synthesis (building) reaction.

Two or more reactants combine to form a new and larger product.

Requires energy… chemical bonds are formed and the energy is STORED in the bonds.

Responsible for growth, maintenance, and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is CATABOLISM?

A

A decomposition (break down) reaction.

A large reactant is broken down to form smaller products.

Chemical bonds are broken and the energy is RELEASED

Ex: digestion of food, breakdown of ATP for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is stored energy called?

A

POTENTIAL energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is active energy called?

A

KINETIC energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The type of energy that is the movement of objects:

A

MECHANICAL energy, such as running

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The type of energy that is in the potential energy in chemical bonds:

A

CHEMICAL energy, such as the energy stored in glucose, ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to be a suspension, solution, and a colloid?

A

BLOOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a dispersal of tiny particles through a medium?

A

COLLOID

Such as milk, ranch dressing, proteins and plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a solution where the materials separate unless stirred?

A

SUSPENSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a mixture of liquids, gasses, or solids that are uniformly distributed (no clear boundary)?

A

SOLUTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a combination of substances physically but not chemically?

A

MIXTURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If the acid releases almost all of their H+ ions, is it a weak or strong acid?

A

STRONG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a chemical that resists changes in pH if an acid or base is added?

A

a BUFFER

18
Q

If a base releases almost all of its OH- ions, is it weak or strong?

A

Strong.

Hydroxide ions

19
Q

How do buffers in the blood help maintain pH?

A

By taking up excess H+ and OH- ions.

20
Q

If something is polar, is it soluble in water?

A

Yes

21
Q

What are functions of carbs?

A

Energy
Structure
Bulk in feces

22
Q

What are 3 types of carbs?

A 
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide (formed by plants)
23
Q

What is lactose made from?

A

glucose + galactose

24
Q

What is sucrose made from?

A

glucose + fructose

25
Q

What is maltose made from?

A

glucose + glucose

26
Q

What is energy storage for animals in long chains of glucose called?

A

GLYCOGEN

27
Q

What is energy storage for plants in long chains of glucose called?

A

STARCH

28
Q

Name 3 disaccharides:

A

SUCROSE: glucose + fructose
LACTOSE: glucose + galactose
MALTOSE: glucose + glucose

29
Q

Name 3 monosaccharides:

A

GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE
GALACTOSE

30
Q

What are non-polar molecules that consist mainly of Carbon, Hydrogen and some Oxygen?

A

LIPIDS

Ex: steroids, fats, phospholipids, fat-soluble vitamins

They may have other elements as well.

31
Q

What organic compound do these functions describe?

Protection, Insulation, Physiological regulation, Component of cell membranes, energy source:

A

LIPIDS

relatively insoluble in water

32
Q

What type of fat constitutes 95% found in the human body?

A

TRIGLYCERIDES

They may be saturated or unsaturated.

33
Q

What makes saturated fat, saturated?

A

Contains all single bonds in the carbon chain… making it more rigid and solid at room temp (no double bonds)

34
Q

How can you tell the difference between saturated and unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated has a double bond in the carbon chain, creating a “kink”. Making it a liquid.

35
Q

What type of triglyceride has 1 double bond?

A

Monounsaturated.

Ex: olive/peanut oil

36
Q

What type of triglyceride has 2 double bonds?

A

Polyunsaturated.

Ex: safflower, sunflower, corn, fish oils.

37
Q

How do you make TRANS fats?

A

By adding hydrogen to unsaturated.

Makes molecules more stable and less likely to spoil.

Increases “bad” cholesterol (LDLs)

38
Q

What organic compound always contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen?

A

PROTEINS

39
Q

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

A

NUCLEOTIDES

40
Q

In DNA, what does THYMINE pair with?

A

ADENINE

41
Q

In DNA, what does GUANINE pair with?

A

CYTOSINE

42
Q

In RNA, what is THYMINE replaced with?

A

URACIL

BIO 201 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions