Chapter 8

Question 1

In one study, Zacks et al. (2009) recorded someone making a sandwich and asked participants to press a button when they thought one action was complete. The results of the study indicated that _______were indicative of the end of an action.

Answer 1

changes in speed

Question 2

According to Corollary Discharge Theory, movement is perceived when

Answer 2

the comparator receives the corollary discharge signal alone or image displacement signal alone

Question 3

Presenting transcranial magnetic stimulation to the area of the STS in humans

Answer 3

decreased the person’s ability to perceive biological motion

Question 4

A monkey with an intact MT cortex can detect the direction of moving dots when coherence is ____%, while a monkey that has had the MT cortex lesioned detects the direction of the moving dots when coherence is _____%.

Answer 4

1-2, 10-20

Question 5

Which of the following is not a signal used posited in the Corollary Discharge Theory?

Answer 5

ciliary signal

Question 6

The patient of Zihl et al., who had cortical lesions that affected her motion perception, had

Answer 6

difficulty following dialog

Question 7

Which of the following stimuli is most likely to show the greatest representational momentum?

Answer 7

a rocket

Question 8

An afterimage when viewed in the dark appears to move when you move your eyes. The Corollary Discharge Theory predicts this because

Answer 8

there is no IDS, but there is a CDS

Question 9

The connection between MT neurons and movement perception has been supported by

Answer 9

both lesioning and microstimulation studies

Question 10

Brian looks at the moon and some clouds at night. He perceives the moon moving through the clouds. This is an example of

Answer 10

induced motion

Question 11

As Dore runs through the park, the flow signals that he is moving and not the environment. Gibson calls this

Answer 11

the global optic flow

Question 12

The vertigo case of R.W. not only provided evidence for the corollary discharge theory, it revealed the importance of the______ in producing CDS.

Answer 12

MST area

Question 13

In an apparent motion demonstration, two pictures are used. In one picture a fist is located behind a board; in the other, the fist is located in front of the board at the same height. When rapidly alternating between these pictures, what apparent motion would result?

Answer 13

The fist would appear to “magically” pass through the board

Question 14

In an apparent motion demonstration, two pictures are used. In one picture a person’s fist is located behind his head; in the other, the person’s fist is located in front of their face at the same height. When slowly alternating between these pictures (less the five times a second), what apparent motion would result?

Answer 14

The fist would appear to go around the side of the head.

Question 15

The perceptual grouping of lights in biological motion has been shown physiologically to occur in the _______ area of the cortex.

Answer 15

superior temporal sulcus

Question 16

Movies: _______ :: Waterfall illusion: _____________.

Answer 16

apparent movement; movement aftereffects

Question 17

The ______ signal is sent to other areas of the brain relaying the message that a signal has been sent from the motor cortex to the eye muscles. It is analogous to using the “cc” (copy) function in an email.

Answer 17

collorary discharge

Question 18

In addition to describing movement detection in terms of the environment, researchers have proposed different ways to detect movement from a physiological perspective. The Reichardt detector is one solution. Which of the following is the greatest weakness of the Reichardt detector?

Answer 18

It only explains motion detection for images that cross the receptors

Question 19

Freyd (1983) presented two pictures sequentially that implied motion, such as a person jumping off a low wall. In the “same” condition, the second picture was identical to the first; in the “time-forward” condition, the second picture was the jumper closer to the ground; and in the “time-backward condition, the jumper was further from the ground. The observer’s task was to respond whether or not the two pictures were the “same” or “different.” The response time was longest for

Answer 19

the time forward condition

Question 20

Real-motion neurons found in the monkey cortex fire when _____ moves, but do not fire when _____ moves.

Answer 20

a stimulus; the eye

Question 21

Our ability to perceive movement when reading “message boards” used in advertising, is based on

Answer 21

apparent movement

Question 22

The __________ is demonstrated when you look through a circle you make with your fingers, and move a pencil either horizontally or diagonally behind your fingers.

Answer 22

aperture problem

Question 23

Newsome, Britten, and Movshon found that as the coherence between the dots’ direction of movement increased

Answer 23

the MT neuron fired more rapidly

Question 24

R.W., the man who had vertigo when he moved his eyes, had cortical damage that eliminated

Answer 24

collorary discharge signals